A short report of India's market for the UK Electrical Goods Trade Essay

A short report of India's market for the UK Electrical Goods Trade Association - Essay Example nomic performance prompted a change in the trade policy of the country; consequently, India introduced a new policy of deregulation, globalization, as well as privatization of its economy. India is a member of several multinational and regional trade organizations, which play a major role in her international trade. Some of these organizations include WTO, Asian-Pacific Economic Community (APEC), and the association of South-East Asia Nations (ASEAN) (Chan et al. 2006). In the past few years, the electronic industry in India has recorded high returns like never before. There are various factors, which have contributed to the demand of electronics in India. These factors include the improvement of the standards of living among the middle class in the country, and the fact that their disposable income has also increased considerably (Hill 2011). Moreover, the country has in the recent years taken some liberalization steps for instance reducing tariffs on imports, relaxing equity regulations as well as foreign exchange regulations, and last but not the list the banking policies have been refined to meet the needs of foreign and local market. The role of the Indian government cannot be ignored in boosting the electronic industry to where it is now (Banga 2006). More foreign investors have ventured in the electronic business in India following the increase in the demand for electronic in the country and the liberalization steps taken by the country has further created a conducive environment that is capable of sustaining an enduring high growth for the electronic industry. Several factors must be assessed prior to importing electronics to India. Before venturing into exporting electronic to India there is a need to carry out a PEST analysis to determine the factors that may affect an organization. The initials PEST is used to mean the social, economic, and Technological factors that might affect the business (Baruch & Budhwar 2006). Political environment: In the

Virtue and Man Essay Example for Free

Virtue and Man Essay Throughout the ages, many have spent their lives on a quest for power, believing that power holds the key to all they desire. Yet power, with its illusive duality, may enable one to accomplish amazing feats or result in ones tragic downfall. In Macbeth, the character of many power hungry men was put to the test, and each respond differently based on the traits they possess. For many different characters in Macbeth, Shakespeare entwines the traits, which epitomize a man, none of greater importance than ones honor. Throughout Macbeth, many of the characteristics that embody a man vividly display themselves. However, no individual portrays all of these traits. Malcolm lists many of these desirable traits: The king-becoming graces, As justice, verity, temp’rance, stableness, Bounty, perseverance, mercy, lowliness, Devotion, patience, courage, fortitude. . . . (IV iii 106-109) While this list of virtues and traits holds a high mark for any man, many men in Macbeth prove they possess these traits. Malcolm, Banquo, and Macduff exhibit courage, and fortitude in their willingness to shed their own blood in order to overthrow the tyranny of Macbeth. This display of devotion to their country earns them the respect of their countrymen. Furthermore, to earn the title of â€Å"man† one must prove himself worthy of the trust of others. Macbeth himself comments on the value of trust when he says, â€Å"The service and the loyalty I owe, / In doing it pays itself† (I iv 25-26). While a man gains respect by earning the trust of others, trust does not come without responsibility. Banquo epitomizes this responsibility as he resists the temptations to succumb to the witches lure: So I lose none In seeking to augment it but still keep My bosom franchised and allegiance clear, I shall be counseled (II i 34-37). Macbeth acts irrationally upon the predictions of the witches, yet Banquo does not fall prey to the false hopes they promise. Each of the traits previously mentioned serves a man well; however, a man has little without honor. Lacking that crucial trait prevents one from attaining many things, including that of reaching one’s full potential. To impress upon Duncan the importance of this quality, Macbeth remarks, â€Å"Which do but what they should by doing everything / Safe toward your love and honor† (I iv 29-30). Yet Macbeth, a man once honorable, strays from his good heart and begins to entangle himself into a web of deception and evil. By abandoning his most precious characteristic, honor, Macbeth has all but committed himself to a tragic downfall. Feared as a tyrant, Macbeth’s struggle with temptation afflicts many men. Many a man, once noble in their ways, have unfortunately chosen a road of evil and paved their own destruction. Macbeth laments, â€Å"And that which should accompany old age, / As honor, love, obedience, troops of friends, / I must not look to have . . . † (V iii 28-30). At this point near the end of Macbeth’s life, he realizes the fatal mistakes he has made, yet his realization comes too late. Though once an honorable and respected man, the road he has chosen proves to be one of no return. Although Macbeth ruinously, fell to the hands of evil, the triumph of good directly correlates to the traits of those men who put and end to his tyrannical rule. Macbeth’s destruction ideally reiterates the words said by Mr. Lincoln and impeccably proves his point. God’s architecture of everyman skillfully shows how vital specific traits and characteristics are to the make-up of a man. Yet he empowers us to choose how we use them.

Treastie on thinking :: essays research papers

What you are about to read are only my thoughts. The thoughts in which I would pay any amount of money not to behold for I wish I could be simple minded and just follow instead of being damned with holding thoughts that no one else shares. The whole idea, man governing man is simply ridiculous. What gives any man the idea that he is in some way more powerful than any others? Man just has to realize that government is pointless. However I am not a fool and understand that in the society we live in government is essential. Man always needs to feel that everything just peachy. A government is just people who want to be apart of something. They live in the same society so they feel as though they share the same ideas. When in fact no one knows what his ideas actually are for the damned society IS the only government we know. And by society do not mean the media, that is just part of it. I mean everything that we do; all of our lively actions are controlled by the media. People try to be different by becoming gothic when that only gives everyone else to raise an eyebrow to. â€Å"Goths† are people who do not agree with the current society so they dress differently and bitch and complain about no one understanding the m, instead of expressing there thoughts in a manner that the current society would could try to understand. If man would just open their minds instead of only living to prepare. We prepare our kids for kindergarten only to prepare for elementary school where you prepare for high school, their u only prepare for college or to enter the work force. In the work force you prepare for promotions. Then you prepare for retirement. Only to live your final years preparing for death. The whole time only eating a cake and drinking a beer to find some escape from this horrible cycle. I know I am just writing this pointless treatise is only adding to the whole cycle. I am being a simple-minded hypocrite. I go through life accepting society, and only on occasion sit back and just think, trying some way to grasp this whole.. Thing. You may have any opinion you want I only ask that u base on it on actual feelings and not your brain, which has been molded into a protocol piece of plastic that works just as everyone else’s.

Introduction to Marketing Essay

Pestle stands for political, economic, social technological, legal and environmental influences. Businesses use this as part of their marketing plan procedure. Political: what is happening politically with regards to tax policies employment laws, trade restrictions, tariffs Economic: what is happening within the economy i. e. economic growth/ decline, minimum wage, unemployment, credit availability, cost of living, etc. Sociological: what is occurring socially i. e. cultural norms and expectations, health consciousness, population growth rate, career attitudes. Technological: new technologies are continually being developed. There are also changes to barriers to entry in given markets Legal: changes to legislation. This may impact employment, access to materials, resources, imports/ exports, taxation etc. Environmental: what is happening with respect to ecological and environmental aspects. A PESTLE analysis is used in business to assess the industry which an organisation is in. The PESTLE analysis looks specifically at factors which are external to the organisation which will impact on the business. This is with a view to determining the current role and status of the organisation in relation to its competitors and can be used as a marketing tool. See more: how to start an essay SWOT Analysis. A tool that identifies the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of a business. SWOT is a straightforward model that assesses what a business can and cannot do as well as its potential opportunities and threats. The method of SWOT analysis is to take the information from an environmental analysis and separate it into internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external issues (opportunities and threats). Once this is completed, SWOT analysis determines what may assist the firm in accomplishing its objectives, and what obstacles must be overcome or minimized to achieve desired results. The strengths and weaknesses are interior when it comes to a business and things that are included that could be a problem are things like buildings, the quality of their workers, the i. t systems etc. The external element focuses on the opportunities and dangers in the business. Research into the organisation is essential and required when carrying out a SWOT analaysis. By matching organisations strengths and weaknesses with the external forces. SWOT analysis brings all the proof from all the different analytical techniques used. This is a way of creating a summary which gives the basis of developing the marketing objectives and strategies or even plans. Strengths: These are the internal features of the business. A highly efficient IT system could be an example. Weaknesses: These are the internal aspects of a business. Which don’t cope well with competition? An example would be staff that are not qualified or trained properly. Opportunities: This focuses on developing the business by focusing on things such as events. An example would be new territories for a particular product or a brand new segment of a market. Threats: These are external to the organisation and its development . Which can affect the business and wreck the businesses’ performance. They can be originated by the governmental policy such as an increase in corporation tax and new law. Smart Objectives All businesses have their own objectives. They can be at different levels depending on how well the business is performance. Specific – When the business sets the objectives, they must be specific so that the workers are able to follow them businesses must ensure that the instructions are clear along the goal set. Measurable – So the businesses knows on how successful they have become and to look at any changes that would affect the profit they must do a comparison of their performance in the previous years Achievable – The business needs to think carefully if they are going to be able to achieve their goals. Realistic – The business can’t set goals unless they are realistic and that they would be able to achieve these objectives. Time – The amount of time it is going to take should be stated then this way everyone has an idea and these can get done soon as.

Nanotechnology in Sports Science and Equipment in China

CAES 2802 essay Nanotechnology in sports science and equipment in China Have you ever wondered why the tennis racket you are using is so flexible yet durable to withstand the force of swings? Or why does that tight vest you are wearing seem so thin yet provide excellent protection and warmth even in the coldest weather? Nanotechnology has been a rapidly advancing technology in the preceding decade, and is expected to be growing enormously in various aspects in the coming future.The potential of nano-tech extends far, and gives promising results in sciences and medicine, and of course, the many sports equipment we are currently using. What is nano-tech? All matters are made up of tiny particles, called atoms, and their properties are directly determined by these small particles, their strength, colours, textures†¦ Nanotechnology is a science which aims at directly making products in that atomic level, and therefore, we can directly decide what properties of that material we want. For example, we want a light and strong material to make our sports rackets, and we found that carbon is the best building blocks and we invented many different kinds of materials, including carbon nanotube we always hear about. And these are collectively known as nanomaterial. Numerous researches have been conducted in both China and Hong Kong. China government has invested large amount of funds into the field of nano technology. Since 1999, China's spending on  research and development  (R;D) has gone up by more than 20% each year and a further funding of ? 12 billion has been invested in 20121.And over 30,863 patents on nano technology was established since 2008 and the number of nanotechnology related science publications in China has ranked second in the world, surpassed only by the USA2. These statistics all showed that China is closing gap between frontier countries and determined to have a large chuck of profit from this big cake. Back to the science itself, nanomaterial has been used on different sports equipment. For example, the tennis racket Roger Federer using is made with nano-titanium oxide, a very strong and light material, inside a matrix of carbon fiber composite3.This makes their tennis racket extremely light and durable. What properties of nanomaterial constitute to these favourable characters? Most materials’ properties are governed by how the atoms align themselves within the material, we call it the matrix. Normal materials will have dislocations among those aligned atoms and may result in weaknesses, however, nanomaterials have their atoms aligned in necklaces form and the boundaries between those â€Å"necklaces† becomes smaller and the material becomes stronger and, since spaces are conserved, lighter as well4.Aside from this principle, scientists have also managed to place small particles within the matrix and making it more compact, for example, YONEX has succeeded in penetrating nano-scale particles between the ca rbon atoms, resulting in their rackets produced having 30% more strength and 10% more durability3. Despite these advantages, there are still risks of these nanomaterial having negative impacts to people’s health and their safety is yet to be 100% confirmed to be free of harm.Many countries have already passed legislations that regulate the uses of these nanomaterials. The Europe Commission has adopted a so called â€Å"incremental approach†, which aims at using existing legislations to tackle with the problems of the possible risks of nanomaterial5. And after several studies, the European Commission is considering the possibility of â€Å"reexamining and, if necessary lowering the current 1 ton per annum threshold† for engineered nanoparticles (European Commission, Health and Consumer Protection Directorate General, 2004).Furthermore, the Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering has suggested that nanomaterials should be treated as a new substance under ex isting chemicals regulation laws, which state that those newly invented materials should be carefully assessed and classified5. The nanomaterial can be classified into the two types we have mentioned: materials that are nanostructured in bulk, and materials with nanoparticles within. It is the latter type of nanomaterial that is potentially hazardous to human beings.The nano particles, which are not necessarily tightly bound to the material itself, will easily leak out and cause health impact to human beings. Also, many sports equipment, such as baseball bat contains carbon nanotubes and after disposal, may produce toxic gases with tiny carbon particles during waste treatment3. These are all possible ways of nanomaterial imposing harms to our health and should not be overlooked. Meanwhile in China, there is no legislation or regulatory means to assess those hazards from nanomaterial.China has been urged to carry out extensive safety studies and tighten regulation of its thriving nan otechnology industry. Zhao Yuliang, deputy director of the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ National Centre for Nano-science and Technology (NCNST), has stated that â€Å"We certainly don’t want safety issues to become a trade barrier for nano-based products,† he said. â€Å"The main challenge is to tease out what characteristics make some nanoparticles hazardous. † Although China is fast behind those science giants like USA, they still have much more to do before they can be praised as a scientifically advanced country.Meanwhile the USA is spending half of its fund on nanotechnology for safety studies; China only spends a mere 3 percent. And most of the public is unconcerned about this matter, according to a survey conducted by Dalian University6. Nanotechnology is a marvelous science created by mankind, it has promised extensive uses in all kinds of field, and like all other technologies, it has its risks and danger. China, in the future, has much to catch up with, and should bear a more attentive and cautious attitude towards developing this kind of new material.Especially when those products are so widely used in sports, where there are frequent contacts with human beings. Reference List 1. Tom M. China’s giant step into nanotech. The Guardian [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2013 April 19]. Available from: â€Å"http://www. guardian. co. uk/technology/2009/mar/26/nanotechnology-china† 2. Can Huang, Yilin Wu. State-led Technological Development: A Case of China’s Nanotechnology Development. EPIP 2011, Proceedings of The 6th Annual Conference of the EPIP Association, 2011. Brussels, Belgium: EPIP; p. -4 3. Chuyan Li, Xinliang Liu, Sijin Meng, Yanfen Xiao. â€Å"Study on application and biosafety of nano-materials in sports engineering†. IEEE 2011. Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Future Computer Science and Education, 2011. Hong Kong, China: IEEE; p. 1-4 4. Brown University, NanoTechnology: New principle in material science discovered. ScienceDaily [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2013 April 19]. Available from : â€Å"http://www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2010/04/100407134817. htm† 5.Antonio Franco, Steffen Foss Hansen, Stig Irving Olsen, Luciano Butti, Limits and prospects of the â€Å"incremental approach† and the European legislation on the management of risks related to nanomaterials, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Volume 48, Issue 2, July 2007, Pages 171-183, ISSN 0273-2300, 10. 1016/j. yrtph. 2007. 03. 007. Available from http://www. sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0273230007000372 6. Jane Qiu. Nao-safety Urged in China. Nature [internet] 2012. [cited 2013 April 18]. Available from : â€Å"http://www. nature. com/news/nano-safety-studies-urged-in-china-1. 11437†

Introducing the Tableau to Students

Introducing the Tableau to Students Making mental images is a strong skill that helps readers increase their understanding of a text that they read. Good readers are able to make a â€Å"mental movie† that plays in their minds as they read and visualize what the words on the page described. Tableau Drama Strategy One arts-integrated teaching strategy that drama teaching artists use to help students make mental images is Tableau. Tableau is the theatrical technique in which actors freeze in poses that create a picture of one important moment in the play. Sometimes, in the theatre, the curtain rises and all the actors onstage are frozen in poses that create a compelling stage picture. Then, on cue, the picture- the Tableau- â€Å"comes to life† with movement and sound. Stillness and silence are the hallmarks of Tableau, making it understandable as to why it appeals to teachers for classroom use. But to really get the most out of this drama strategy in conjunction with the reading of a story, novel, or play, student actors have to do a deeper reading, thinking, and rehearsing. They need to work like actors who explore the text and experiment with a variety of alternatives before they choose their final poses. They need to practice focus and commitment so that they pose with an expression on their faces and energy in their bodies. The best Tableaux show evidence of comprehension of text combined with strong acting skills. The best Tableaux go far beyond mere silence and stillness. Introducing Tableau to Students The following is one way to introduce the drama strategy Tableau to students and increase the likelihood that they will participate productively in frozen, silent, concentrated posing. Whole Group Tableau Begin by engaging all students simultaneously in agreeing to pretend to be in a situation in which they will take responsibility for creating their roles. With students seated at their desks or in chairs, describe a particular fictional circumstance and setting (preferably a dramatic one) that they might find themselves in.Example: Would you agree to pretend that the setting for our drama is the schoolyard and while we are out there, we sight an alien spaceship?Discuss with students the possible feelings and reactions of people having this experience: If this really, truly was happening, think about how you would feel. Raise your hand if you can give me one adjective to describe how you would feel.Point out to students that the kind of thinking they are doing is precisely the kind of thinking that actors have to do. They must imagine that they are in a particular pretend situation and then figure out how their characters would likely react.Then ask the students to agree to pretend that a photographer snaps a photo of them in that circumstance: Would you now also agree to pretend that a photographer just happened to be there and took a photo the moment you spotted that alien spaceship? Explain how you will cue the students to strike and hold their poses: â€Å"I will say ‘Action  - 2 - 3 -  Freeze!’  You freeze in your pose and hold it until I say ‘Relax.’†(Note: Eventually, you all will want to improve this first Tableau by allowing students to leave the confines of their seats, but for now, do not give them permission to do so unless one of them asks specifically.)Once you feel that the students are ready, cue them with â€Å"Action  - 2 - 3 -  Freeze!†View the Tableau and then call â€Å"Relax.† Discuss the Whole Group Tableau In that first draft of the Tableau, the students usually participate well, but they usually remain seated. Compliment them for their cooperation. But, just like actors who rehearse and rehearse their scenes, students need to work now on increasing the dramatic value of the Tableau: Remind students what photographers may do to people in their photographs who do not look too interesting- crop them out.Then coach the students dramatically. Explain (and demonstrate) how they can create a more interesting stage picture by......putting more energy into their bodies and more expression in their faces....incorporating levels- posing close to the floor, mid-level, or reaching higher....interacting with one another to increase the dramatic effect of the Tableau.Invite the students to incorporate your dramatic coaching points and re-create the Tableau so that it is theatrically more powerful.Share the following list of Tableau Excellence with students. (Reproduce it on a chart or on a whiteboard or chalkboard.) Tableau ExcellenceActors......remain still or frozen....remain silent....pose with energy....pose with expression....keep their concentration....pose at different levels....choose poses that communicate the tone and mood of the text. Revise the Whole Group Tableau Once you feel that the students are ready to revise the same Tableau, cue them with â€Å"Action  - 2 - 3 -  Freeze!†View the Tableau and then call â€Å"Relax.† (The second draft is always much stronger than the first draft.) Reflect on the Whole Group Tableau Refer back to the chart on Tableau Excellence and ask students to reflect on the effectiveness of their second Tableau. They can always recognize the big differences between the first one and the second one that received theatrical coaching. This introductory Tableau activity prepares students to use this drama strategy with significant moments in the literature that they read and the historical episodes that they study. It provides them with a foundation for using Tableau productively in small groups. Whole Group Tableau Possibilities People sighting an alien spaceshipReporters and photographers who sight a big celebrityFans- both happy and angry- at a sporting eventTourists looking at a famous sitePeople watching fireworks

Facebook Dilemma Essay Example

Facebook Dilemma Essay Example Facebook Dilemma Essay Facebook Dilemma Essay Essay Topic: Emma Executive Summary The following report is based on the case study ‘facebook dilemma’. Facebook offers various ways for its users to interact. Facebook is a social network service that allows its users to create a profile and join various types of self-contained networks such as colleges and universities. Facebook is an internet born company that uses web 2. 0 technologies. This report outlines the communication concept used by facebook. It also states how e-commerce and web 2. 0 technologies made facebook popular by allowing advertisers to target their audiences through facebook. In facebook businesses can place advertisements that are fully integrated into primary features of the site, such as news feed which is a continually updating list of news stories, about member’s friend’s activities on facebook. The report also covers the weaknesses of facebook’s privacy policies and features and what management, organisation, and technology factors contributed to those weaknesses. It states how the launch of beacon services, effected facebook. The report also explains briefly the communication model of facebook. Introduction Facebook is king of the social networking sites. Prior to its inception in 2004, Myspace had ruled the internet as the premier place for people to meet and interact on the World Wide Web. However, in 2004 Facebook completely changed how social network is to operate, and they have become the most popular social destination on the Web. Popularity is great, but a company still has to be able to pay their bills and have some profit left over. Despite their success, Facebook has had a difficult time becoming profitable. Over the years they have tried many times to get over the hump in profitability. The purpose of this paper is to answer specific questions pertaining to Facebook and their attempts to build their profit. Q1. What communication concepts are illustrated in this case? The communication concept that is illustrated in the case study ‘Facebook Dilemma’ is that facebook is a internet born company (i. e. E-commerce). Facebook offers various ways for its users to interact. It has got over 118 million worldwide users. Facebook is a social network service that allows its users to create a profile and join various types of self-contained etworks such as colleges (Riva, R 2008). E-commerce is the use of the internet and the Web to conduct business. A social network such as facebook is an online site that focuses on building and reflecting of social networks or social relations among people. Facebook, not just only uses e-commerce to conduct business but goes a little deeper because it involves the concepts that are part of the basic construct of e-commerce. Commu nications in a social network service is mainly done through discussion groups, messaging, chat rooms, email videos, blogging and file sharing (Joseph, V 2010). Facebook site includes a wide variety of array tools that allow users to connect and interact with other users including messaging, groups, photo sharing and user created applications† (Riva, R 2008). Facebook involves richness, interactivity, information density, personalization/customization Richness is the complexity and content of a message. Interactivity is how e-commerce allows for two-way communication. Information density is the total amount and quality of the information available to all market participants, consumers, and merchants. Finally, personalization/customization is how merchants can target their messages to specific individuals to promote their products. Facebook represents opportunities for the advertisers to reach highly targeted audiences based on the user’s selection for the criteria’s such as hobbies, preference, regions and many more criteria and all this is done in the comfort of the user’s home. Business has the opportunity to advertise on facebook, the website is fully integrated with the advertisement, some examples of this, is Newsfeed which tells the company about the user’s friend’s activities (Riva, R 2008). Big brands and companies target their customers through facebook by offering them some kind of deals. As facebook as got more than 118 million worldwide users, it is a great platform for the businesses to advertise and reach their customers in every corner of the world. Facebooks failed attempt to utilize Beacon marketing software to promote sales and purchases of their constituents. Beacon was a program that would communicate what was purchased to Facebook members friends in order to entice them to shop their site (Riva, R 2008). Q2. What is the role of e-commerce and Web 2. technologies in Facebook’s widespread popularity? In the early days, business communication was largely defined by a publishing or broadcasting mindset. Externally, a company released carefully scripted messages to a mass audience that often had few, if any, ways to respond. Likewise customers and other interested parties had few ways to connect with one another to ask questions, share information, or off er support. Internally communication tended to follow the same â€Å"we talk you listen† model, with upper managers issuing activities to lower level supervisors and employees (Joseph, V 2010). One of the main factors of facebook popularity, is due to e-commerce and web 2. 0 technologies. â€Å"Facebook is a great tool for advertisers to reach highly targeted audiences based on their demographic information, hobbies and personal preferences, geographical regions and other narrowly specified criteria in a comfortable and engaging environment† (Riva, R 2008). Web 2. 0 can be described as a trend that revolves around using interactive, community-driven sites to promote the sharing of information, networking and other forms of collaboration among users. In a web 2. environment customers are able to interact with the business and actually play a significant role in the company’s success. This new way of web interaction is quickly replacing the dull static websites of past times. These days user can interact with the website content and get involved in ways that were not possible before. Facebook is a great example of web 2. 0 technologies. In facebook businesses ca n place advertisements that are fully integrated into primary features of the site, such as news feed which is a continually updating list of news stories about member’s friend’s activities on facebook. Firms can also create facebook pages where users can learn more about and interact with their companies. For example restaurants can advertise by having facebook, placing items in the news feed of its customers indicating that those people ate there recently. â€Å"Blockbuster has recent rentals and reviews of its movies appearing in similar fashion. Many companies, including eBay, Sony pictures, The New York Times and Verizon maintain facebook pages where users can learn more about the company and its productâ€Å"(Riva, R 2008). Facebook is popular because it promotes social interaction, and it is the interactivity that is the basis for e-commerce. Consumers can meet their friends and do business. Facebook is like a gold mine for most advertisers because the site has gathered a huge amount of information and also because of the richness of the social networking environment. Facebook has also benefited from its status as first mover in the social networking market place, amassing a large audience who’s user don’t want to live facebook as they fear to leave there friends behind (Riva, R 2008) Q3. Describe the weaknesses of Facebook’s privacy policies and features. What management, organization, and technology factors have contributed to those weaknesses? Facebooks policies are not weak, but they have made weak decisions that have damaged their security credibility. Their weakness stems from the introduction of Beacon, the mishandling of News Feed, and the inefficient methods of deleting an account. Beacon was programming that shared users purchase information with their friends automatically. Beacon was intended to inform users when their friends made purchases and engaged in other activities outside facebook. The trouble with the service was that it shared information about the users they had not explicitly agreed to share (Riva, R 2008). Beacon was initially an opt-out program. If the user did not want the service, they had to manually turn it off. Beacon service was still sending information to facebook, even if the users opt-out. Many protest groups were created against beacon. â€Å"The civic action group moveOn. org created a facebook group to protest beacon and grew to over 50,000 members in 10 days† (Riva, R 2008). The Beacon program caused Coca-Cola and Overstock. om to pull their advertising and support away from Facebook. The launched and subsequent embarrassment of facebook damaged facebook’s reputation as a provider of safe, secure environment for its users. News Feed is another program that was abruptly introduced to the Facebook users that shares actions with everyone on the Facebook Web. News feed is a feature which provides updates to your friends when you pe rform actions via facebook, such as updating your profile, adding new friends, or adding new applications (Riva, R 2008). Facebook CEO Zuckerburg had to publicly apologize and explain to the users about News Feed to usurp a possible firestorm. Facebook has also come under the fire for its handling of the personal information of people who attempt to remove their profiles from the site (Riva, R 2008). Thought users were allowed to deactivate their account, the company’s servers still kept their data, in order to make reactivation process easier. All three areas that involved personal information and privacy were met with resistance. A lack of interaction with their users is what led to the weakness in their policies and procedures. Each action was not formally presented and outlined by the company. In each instance, they only fixed the problem after damage had occurred. Ultimately, it was their faulty decision making process, which lead to the weakness in their privacy policies. Q4. Does Facebook have a viable business communication model? Explain your answer. Facebook did not always have a viable communication model, but now they have one that could be successful. Facebook is following a trend that has been benchmarked by the Iphone and IPod markets by creating applications that compliment the base program. In May 2007, Facebook introduced Facebook Platform, which is an effort to open up its site to third-party developers to become a platform for their applications (Riva, R 2008). Facebook platform has been beneficial for both facebook as well as the developers who are creating applications for it. Facebook’s environment has become even more engaging and self-sufficient, and developers gained unparallel exposures for their applications. A small percentage of these applications have turned into viable businesses. Companies attracting large number of users to their applications on facebook are able to sell goods, services, or advertising (Riva, R 2008). This is a perfect marriage between developers and Facebook because the developers want exposure for their technology and products, while Facebook has network of over 118 million potential clients of the developers. As a result, the site is more engaging, and more innovative than ever before. Moreover, in March 2008, Facebook launched new privacy protocols that placed more control of privacy content in the hands of the users (Riva, R 2008). Users control who has access to the site, and what information the visitors will have a chance to view. Facebook’s growth has led Microsoft to purchase a stake in the company, buying 1. 6% of the company for $246 million (Riva, R 2008). Due to the above factors facebook’s value is increased to $15 billion. With all of their good news, it is imperative for Facebook to drive innovative application creation, and vigilantly protect the privacies of their users. Q5. If you were responsible for coordinating Facebook’s advertising, how would you balance the desire to become increasingly profitable with the need to protect the privacy of your users? In terms of advertising, I know that I have the advantage at the negotiating table because I have a large treasure of potential customers. A large number of users use facebook on daily basis. The only reason why I have a large number of users is because they trust me to protect their privacy so they can interact at their own discretion. Consequently, my users give me my power position, and so their privacy will never be breached. However, I will allow the vendors to present their goods and services by selling advertisement space on the site. My site has over 118 million people who can see their advertisement and click the link to get more information, or make a purchase. To be the number one site on the internet, I have to protect the users who built my name, reputation, and business. I think another best way to make profitable advertisement with protecting user’s privacy is opt-in policy. When users make account in Facebook, give them the choice whether accepting advertisement or not. If there is no benefit to customer, there is nobody to accept the advertisement. Therefore, I will give some incentive to users who are accepting advertisement, something like discount coupon, from firms which want advertise through Facebook. This way makes my profit maximize. I don`t have to spend money to give to users. Actually, I will receive some commission from the advertisement. Conclusion In conclusion, despite of a many advantages, facebook doesn’t make much profit. Facebook has faced many controversies regarding the privacy of its users. Though most of the information is contributed to facebook willingly by its users, still it doesn’t give facebook the permission to use them to gain profit without the concern of its users. Facebook must always make the privacy of its users as its first priority because without the users facebook wouldn’t be as popular as it is today. Recommendations Facebook should develop new ideas and strategies which would bring more members to them and which will lead to more profit for the company, without risking the privacy of its users.

Ketchup and Baking Soda Volcano

Ketchup and Baking Soda Volcano The acetic acid in ketchup reacts with baking soda to produce an extra-special type of lava for a chemical volcano. This non-toxic volcano recipe is sure to please! Ketchup Baking Soda Volcano Materials small container (I used an empty travel-size bottle.)volcano (You can mold it from clay or use a cardboard form.)ketchupbaking sodaliquid dishwashing soap (optional)water (optional) Make the Volcano Erupt This is really easy! Swirl together a squirt of dishwashing detergent (if you want foamy orange lava), ketchup, and enough water to achieve the desired thickness. When you are ready to start the eruption, add baking soda. Alternatively, you could mix together the baking soda, detergent, and water. Add the ketchup when youre ready for the eruption.The lava erupts slowly and steadily, rather than forcefully, so this is a nice volcano to make if you want a longer-lasting eruption. How the Volcano Works The ketchup contains vinegar, which is dilute acetic acid. The acetic acid reacts with the baking soda to produce carbon dioxide gas. The gas bubbles expand and rise through the liquid, bubbling out the ketchup.

Branding Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Branding - Assignment Example The companies look at branding to create certain amount of awareness and reputation related to the product and the organization and places the firm at a better place in the market. The real value of brand comes from its ability to add values and delivering profit to the organization by creating loyalty among the customers. Branding is not only used in terms of marketing but also from the financial perspective. Getting the value recognition and image for the customers helps the organization to gain financial impact (Schatte, 2010; Clifton, 2010; Blackett and Boad, 1999; Franzen and Moriarty, 2008). This report focuses on the company Cinnabon Inc., that started its first operation in the year 1985 in the Sea Tac Mall. The company was specially known for its â€Å"world's best cinnamon roll†, which was prepared after the team found the best flavoured cinnamon in Indonesia and mastered the recipe (Cinnabon, Inc., 2012a). This company has grown into a world famous brand with its un matched craving appeal among the customers for their baked goods and various types of beverages. This report aims to design a branding strategy for Cinnabon Inc. Current branding strategy of Cinnabon Inc. Few decades ago Cinnabon Inc. ... bon to the distribution channel along with the varied range of products and at the same time making sure that the expanding brand of Cinnabon continuous to operate as an integrated and seamless whole (Fehrenbach, 2013; BusinessWire, 2013). Multi-Channel Operations Cinnabon Inc, does not operates as a one-dimensional brand that plays in just one segment or channel. They are into a multichannel business leading the brand across different channels and ensuring that every channel integrates with each other so that it can accelerate the brand image. Thus, the multichannel brand management successfully is the major challenge for the organization. The organization is currently operating in about 48 countries with over 900 franchises and is approaching towards the annual sales of about $1 billion (Fehrenbach, 2013; Goudreau, 2012). In recent years the organization has experienced a magnificent growth by creating and marketing new products that can looked through two new conduits such as lice nsed product that are sold by other outlets like fast-food restaurants and consumer packaged goods that are sold in grocery stores. Immediate consumption food services has been operating as the main channel through the franchise bakeries, which is the most common company’s face to the consumers; but now the company has planned to move towards few more newer channels like grocery retail and food service licensing (Thorn, 2013). Therefore, the main aim of Cinnabon Inc. at present to manage these multichannel operations such they mingle among themselves well and enhance the brand image of the organization. Protection of Brand Image Using multiple channels to make the products available to the consumer opens door to other challenges too like protecting the brand. According to Cole there are

Introduction to managerial accounting Case Study

Introduction to managerial accounting - Case Study Example Fixed expenses divided by the CM ratio calculates breakeven in terms of dollars. The profit of a company at the breakeven point is cero dollars (Peavler). Hacker Gulf has variable costs of $40 ($28 + $12) per unit. The monthly fixed expenses of the company are $24,000 per month. The fixed expenses of the company yearly are $288,000. The current sales price of the company is $70 per gulf club. The calculations below show the current breakeven point of the company in units and dollars. Fixed costs = 288000 Sales = 70 Variable cost = 40 Contribution margin = (70 – 40) = 30 Breakeven in units = 288000 / 30 = 9600 units CM ratio = 30/ 70 = 0.428 Breakeven in dollars = 288000 / 0.428 = $672,000 The breakeven point of Hacker Gulf is 9,600 units or $672,000. Based on the assumption that the company raises its sales price to $80 instead of $70 the breakeven point of the firm would change. A higher sales price will lower the breakeven point due to the fact that the contribution margin i s larger. The calculation below shows the breakeven point of the firm under the assumption of a sales price at $80. ... rget profit = (fixed expenses + target profit) / unit contribution margin Dollar sales to attain target profit = (fixed expenses + target profit) / CM ratio The company has the target of obtaining $50,000 in profit selling its gulf clubs at $80. The calculations below show the units and dollars needed to obtain a target profit of $50,000. Fixed costs = 288000 Sales = 80 Variable cost = 40 Contribution margin = (80 – 40) = 40 Sales to target profit = (288000+50000) / 40 = 8450 units CM ratio = 40/ 80 = 0.50 Sales to target in dollars = (288000+50000) / 0.50 = $676,000 The sales needed to obtain a target profit of $50,000 are 8,450 units or $676,000. The data used to obtain a target profit of $50,000 can be used to create an income statement for the company. An income statement using the contribution margin approach is illustrated below. Sales 676000 Variable costs 338000 Gross margin 338000 Fixed costs 288000 Net income 50000 The income statement shows that the company obtained a net income of $50,000. The purpose of the income statement is to show the profitability of a company. The net margin of the company is 7.40%. The variable expenses of the firm account for 54% of its costs, while the fixed expenses cover the other 46% of the costs. A way to increase the profitability of the firm is by sourcing its materials from cheaper suppliers located in China or another developing nation. Increasing the sales price to $80 is the correct strategy for the company. The increase in the price of the gulf clubs to $80 helped the company reduce its breakeven point from 9,600 units to 7,200. A higher sales price also improved the overall profitability of the company as illustrated by the increase in contribution margin of the firm. The managers have to take an in-depth look at the

The Importance Of Employee Resourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Importance Of Employee Resourcing - Essay Example Globalization has changed the style that businesses around the world adapt and the concept of employee resourcing is one fine example of this change that how organizations are using the concept of employee resourcing and getting the desired results. This ever-shifting business environment has also given the recruiter a complex challenge, that how the need of the human resources can be managed? How to meet current staffing needs and how to cater futuristic needs? The brunt of meeting these challenges will obviously fall on human resource departments or employee resourcing departments in large organizations and on managers in small organizations. The answer to this challenge is employee resourcing. Employee resourcing is a part of human resource management that ensures that the organization gets and holds the human resources needed and employs them effectively in getting optimum results. Employee resourcing can be considered an integral part because it deals with welcoming people in an organization and if they are not performing well or they are of no interest to the company then releasing them. Following are the main guidelines that are mostly followed by employee resourcing organization in order to hire or fire employees. These processes may vary from country to country and organization to organization. Human resource planning deals with the subject of getting the workforce to the organization as per their requirement and needs and to keep an eye on the need and demand of the organization in terms of human resources for the future (De Feis, 1987). Human resource planning practitioners anticipate and predicts future business environmental demands on an organization and provide the necessarily qualified  workers to fulfill the requirement of the organization and also coming up with the business needs and demands.

AML- KYC (anti-money Laundering- know your customer) - TD Canada Trust Assignment

AML- KYC (anti-money Laundering- know your customer) - TD Canada Trust Retail Banking - Assignment Example The improvement of the KYC/AML policies would enable the TD Bank to better understand its customers, the principals underlying customers who play the agent role and their financial dealings which can assist mutual fund to control its risks vigilantly, as well as understanding the beneficial owners in instances of entities that are non individual. In order to improve the TB Bank (KYC/AML) Know Your Customer and Anti-Money Laundering policy and procedure emphasizes should be directed on the general doctrines undertaken by the bank to establish an effective process of record keeping, reporting, internal control, and customer identification in an effort to check money laundering related operations, or financial terrorism. The criteria for customer acceptance policy in TD Bank should be tightened in the sense that accounts must not be opened in a factious or anonymous entry or name; customers should only be accepted after identity verification; the customers must as a matter of caution, be classified in different risk categories, with each having a criteria of acceptance; new customers identity must be scrutinized to ensure that it does not have any criminal record or banned entries. However the implementation of customer acceptance policy should not be so stringent such that it obstructs banking services to the public in general, and those who are socially or financially underprivileged in particular. The TD Bank in an effort to improve its KYC/AML policies must adhere strictly to the rules of customer identification procedure. This should involve identification and verification of customers’ identity through independent and reliable source documents, information or data. To improve this policy, the bank must be satisfied that the potential customer is actually who he claims to be. In addition, TD bank must ensure that enough information is obtained on the purpose, identity, and

International relation&the 2003 Intervention in Iraq Case Study

International relation&the 2003 Intervention in Iraq - Case Study Example There was no the mandate of the United Nations; it was a policy that was used by the US administration to destabilize Saddam Hussein’s government. Consequently, when George Bush took office in 2001, he was determined to accomplish what his predecessor had started. President Bill Clinton had authorized the $97 million military aid to the Iraq opposition forces to topple Saddam Hussein and install the democratic government (Popular Social Science 1). After the first Gulf War in Iraq both the Clinton and the Bush administrations hoped that the imposition of economic sanctions and the no-flight zones in Iraq would result in a palace revolution by members of Saddam’s own Baath regime (Popular Social Science 1). This was not U.N. policy, however, but Washington’s own unilateral intention was to overthrow the regime in Baghdad and install a democracy in Iraq. From the above phenomena, we can depict that the second Bush Administration did not follow the channels of the United Nations to launch war; because there were concerns the deal could not be vetoed due to humanitarian concerns and could hinder the big plans right from the Clinton Administration. Additionally, in 2002 the Congress and the Senate of the United States had passed a resolution that gave the president more powers to invade any country without the mandate of the United Nations (Popular Social Science 1). From the above statement, it gives a clear picture the congress and the Senate were main bodies that empowered the Second Bush Administration to declare war without the authorization of the United Nations. Additionally, by 2002 the US was speaking in one voice on matters of foreign policy, thus, Bush used the proxy endorsement of the resolution of the congress and the senate to the launch war against Saddam Hussein. The United States is likely to attack another country unilaterally because there was a declaration made in1992 by the Department of the United States Defense. In this

Pleas follow the assignment brief as it has all info thank you Essay

Pleas follow the assignment brief as it has all info thank you - Essay Example Also included in the statements are that smoking kills more than AIDS, car accidents, suicides, murder, drugs and alcohol combined and that second-hand smoke is responsible for 3,000 deaths per day. The environmental change in this case is the changing landscape of public opinion about tobacco companies. Another environmental change is that there has been more evidence about tobacco’s detrimental influence upon public health. A third environmental change is the increasing amount of evidence that tobacco companies have lied, for many years, to the public about the adverse effects of tobacco on the public health, and that they have also lied regarding the addictive nature of cigarettes. The impact of these environmental changes upon Phillip Morris, and other tobacco companies, is that cigarette smoking will become even less de rigueur than it already is. The anticipated impact upon these companies is that they will suffer some degree of public humiliation because of their previo us stances, and the fact that they previously lied to the public, and their sales will suffer accordingly. â€Å"Fox News Suddenly Loves Illegal Immigrants.† Business Week. Elizabeth Dwoskin. November 26, 2012. This article regards the changing environment on the Fox News Network in America. The changing environment is the 2012 Presidential and Congressional election. Before the Democrats won back the Presidency and the Senate, there was a general consensus in the Fox News Network, which is considered to be a conservative network, that there should not be a path to citizenship for illegal immigrants. However, in the 2012 election, President Obama won back the presidency with an overwhelming percentage of Hispanics. The theory is that the hard-line position that the Republicans have taken regarding illegal immigrants, which his that they are either to be deported, or they should self-deport, but, at any rate, they should not be offered a path to citizenship, is much of the rea son why Mitt Romney, the Republic nominee, lost the election. Because of this, Fox News has softened their stance on illegal immigration. This is how the evolving environment regarding illegal immigrants, and the election, has impacted Fox News. In this article, the changes at Fox News regarding illegal immigration is highlighted. For instance, Sean Hannity, who has his own show on Fox News, has recently stated that his own views regarding illegal immigrants has evolved – he now agrees that illegal immigrants should have a path to citizenship. The article notes that the previous position that Hannity has taken on the 11 million illegal immigrants in the United States is that deportation was the only option. The article also said that talking heads, like Hannity, are the main reason why there has not been immigration reform until now. â€Å"Conagra Sinks Its Teeth Into Growth Market.† Wall Street Journal. November 27, 2012. Miriam Gottfried. In this article, the changin g environmental influence is the higher price of food. Another changing environmental influence is that retailers, such as Wal-Mart and Costco increasingly rely upon private labels, which means that these stores, and other stores, sell products under their own line. For instance, Whole Foods sells 365 Brand, which is the

International relation&the 2003 Intervention in Iraq Case Study

International relation&the 2003 Intervention in Iraq - Case Study Example There was no the mandate of the United Nations; it was a policy that was used by the US administration to destabilize Saddam Hussein’s government. Consequently, when George Bush took office in 2001, he was determined to accomplish what his predecessor had started. President Bill Clinton had authorized the $97 million military aid to the Iraq opposition forces to topple Saddam Hussein and install the democratic government (Popular Social Science 1). After the first Gulf War in Iraq both the Clinton and the Bush administrations hoped that the imposition of economic sanctions and the no-flight zones in Iraq would result in a palace revolution by members of Saddam’s own Baath regime (Popular Social Science 1). This was not U.N. policy, however, but Washington’s own unilateral intention was to overthrow the regime in Baghdad and install a democracy in Iraq. From the above phenomena, we can depict that the second Bush Administration did not follow the channels of the United Nations to launch war; because there were concerns the deal could not be vetoed due to humanitarian concerns and could hinder the big plans right from the Clinton Administration. Additionally, in 2002 the Congress and the Senate of the United States had passed a resolution that gave the president more powers to invade any country without the mandate of the United Nations (Popular Social Science 1). From the above statement, it gives a clear picture the congress and the Senate were main bodies that empowered the Second Bush Administration to declare war without the authorization of the United Nations. Additionally, by 2002 the US was speaking in one voice on matters of foreign policy, thus, Bush used the proxy endorsement of the resolution of the congress and the senate to the launch war against Saddam Hussein. The United States is likely to attack another country unilaterally because there was a declaration made in1992 by the Department of the United States Defense. In this

Legal status of foreign citizens, stateless persons and legal entities Assignment

Legal status of foreign citizens, stateless persons and legal entities in the field of property relations in Uzbekistan - Assignment Example Finally, thÐ µ papÐ µr will discuss thÐ µ concÐ µrns and problÐ µms thÐ µ forÐ µign invÐ µstors havÐ µ to dÐ µal with. UzbÐ µkistan and othÐ µr CÐ µntral Asian countriÐ µs sÐ µÃ µm to bÐ µ forgottÐ µn by most ЕuropÐ µan forÐ µign invÐ µstors whÐ µn looking for a placÐ µ to invÐ µst thÐ µir capital. This is truÐ µ Ð µvÐ µn though thÐ µ CÐ µntral Asian rÐ µpublics arÐ µ stratÐ µgically locatÐ µd and land-lockÐ µd bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn ЕuropÐ µ and Asia. ThÐ µ quÐ µstion arisÐ µs if it is so bÐ µcausÐ µ thosÐ µ tÐ µrritoriÐ µs arÐ µ gÐ µographically quitÐ µ far from ЕuropÐ µ, bÐ µcausÐ µ of a fÐ µar that CÐ µntral Asia doÐ µs not offÐ µr a sÐ µcurÐ µ Ð µnvironmÐ µnt for forÐ µign invÐ µstmÐ µnts or simply bÐ µcausÐ µ of not having Ð µnough information about thosÐ µ countriÐ µs, thÐ µir invÐ µstmÐ µnt lÐ µgislation and thÐ µir actual capability of Ð µnforcing such lÐ µgislation. ThÐ µ purposÐ µ of the current papÐ µr is to providÐ µ introductory information about thÐ µ invÐ µstmÐ µnt lÐ µgislation of UzbÐ µkistan, its implÐ µmÐ µntation in practicÐ µ and to point out spÐ µcific problÐ µms thÐ µ forÐ µign invÐ µstors havÐ µ to dÐ µal with oncÐ µ placing thÐ µir invÐ µstmÐ µnt in this country. ThÐ µ paper will introducÐ µ somÐ µ basic facts concÐ µrning thÐ µ transfÐ µr of intÐ µrnational capital and thÐ µ main mÐ µans of intÐ µrnational invÐ µstmÐ µnt protÐ µction in addition to discussing thÐ µ currÐ µnt invÐ µstmÐ µnt lÐ µgislation and thÐ µ problÐ µms connÐ µctÐ µd with its application in practicÐ µ. ThÐ µ transfÐ µr of cross-bordÐ µr invÐ µstmÐ µnts has bÐ µcomÐ µ a daily rÐ µality of today’s morÐ µ and morÐ µ globalizÐ µd world. In ordÐ µr to promotÐ µ intÐ µrnational invÐ µstmÐ µnt Ð µxchangÐ µ, thÐ µ statÐ µs insist on mutual facilitation of transfÐ µr of intÐ µrnational capital and arÐ µ trying to takÐ µ all advantagÐ µs connÐ µctÐ µd with thÐ µ inflow of forÐ µign invÐ µstmÐ µnts. For dÐ µvÐ µloping countriÐ µs, thÐ µ placÐ µmÐ µnt of forÐ µign invÐ µstmÐ µnt in thÐ µir tÐ µrritoriÐ µs doÐ µs not mÐ µan only acquiring financial capital, but also

Nestle Report Essay Example for Free

Nestle Report Essay INTRODUCTION OF NESTLE: Nestle is the leading FMCG company of Switzerland established by Henri Nestle. Nestle is serving worldwide with its more than 500 factories in 86 countries comprising almost all continents. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s product portfolio is more than 500 products all over the world serving best to their customers. Henri Nestlà © endowed his company with the symbol derived from his name. His family coat of arms, the nest with a mother bird protecting her young, became the Companys logo and a symbol of the Companys care and attitude to life-long nutrition. The Nestlà © nest represents the nourishment, security and sense of family that are so essential to life. The first product made by Henri Nestlà ©, a food for babies who were unable to breastfeed. His first success was a premature infant who could not tolerate his mothers milk or any of the usual substitutes. People quickly recognized the value of the new product, after Nestlà ©s new formula saved the childs life, and soon, Farine Lactà ©e Henri Nestlà © was being sold in much of Europe. Nestlà © has been serving Pakistani consumers since 1988, when the parent company, the Switzerland-based Nestlà © SA, first acquired a share in Milkpak Ltd. NESTLE BRANDS: Quality is an essential ingredient in all the Nestlà © brands and Nestlà © brands maintain nutritional balance in a fast pace world, that is why people around the globe choose. The detail of the Nestlà © brand is as follows: * Baby foods (Nestlà © Cerelac, NAN) * Breakfast cereals (Nestlà © Cereals) * Dairy products (Milkpak, NIDO, Nespray, Nestlà © Yogurts, Everyday) * Ice-creams (Movenpick, Dreyer’s) * Chocolate confectionary (Kit Kat, Smarties, Toffo) * Beverages (Nescafe, Milo, Nestlà © juices) * Food service (Nestlà © Jumbo Bottle) * Prepared foods (Maggi, Powered Soups) * Bottled water ( Nestlà © Pure Life, Nestlà © Aquarral) * Pet care (Pro Plan, Purine, ONE, Fancy feast, Dog Chow, Cat Chow, Felix, Alpo) * Pharmaceuticals (Ophthalmic drugs, lens-care solutions optical surgical Instruments) * Nesquick and Nesvita pro bones BRANDS. * NESTLE VISION. The consumers voice is the key to Nestlà © Pakistans vision and working. Whether you live in the remotest village or the city of Karachi, Nestle consumer services team stands ready to listen to your concerns and provide  answers about our products and guidance on matters of health and wellness. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s global vision is to be the leading health, wellness, and Nutrition Company of the world. Nestle’ Pakistan subscribes fully to this global vision. In addition to that, Nestle Pakistan also envisions to: * Lead a dynamic motivated and professional workforce that is proud of its heritage and bullish about the future. * Meet the nutritional needs of all age groups through a diversified product range that contains an innovative portfolio of branded food and beverages of the highest quality. * Maintain long-term growth and deliver shareholder value. * Establishing responsible communication with the consumer, which in turn can provide us a better look into what changes need to be made to our products. * Strengthen the position as the best career destination for talented and motivated individuals. * NESTLE MISSION. â€Å"Nestle is dedicated to providing the best foods to people throughout their day, throughout their lives, throughout the world. With our unique experience of anticipating consumers needs and creating solutions, Nestle contributes to your well-being and enhances your quality of life.†(3) * NESTLE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES. Nestle business objective is to manufacture and market the Companys products in such a way as to create value that can be sustained over the long term for shareholders, employees, consumers, and business partners. Nestle recognizes that its consumers have a sincere and legitimate interest in the behavior, beliefs, and actions of the Company behind brands in which they place their trust and that without its consumers the Company would not exist. Nestle continues to maintain its commitment to follow and respect all applicable local laws in each of its markets. At the entrance of this new millennium, Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s objective Is to consolidate and strengthen its leading position at the cutting edge of innovation in the food area in order to meet the needs and desires of customers around the world, for pleasure, convenience, health and well being. * NESTLE TODAY. Nestle is now the worlds largest food company. It is present on all five  continents, has an annual turnover of 74.7 billion Swiss francs, runs 509 factories in 83 countries and employs about 231,000 people the world over. The Company owes its current status to the pioneering spirit inherited from its founders which continues to inspire it, to its concern with quality and to its constant search for new ways of satisfying mans nutritional needs. Wherever possible, it sets up factories locally, employs personnel from the country concerned and relies on indigenous raw materials. Its agricultural services provide assistance to improve the quality and yield of the raw materials it uses. Much attention is devoted to professional training and to the integration of the Company in its economic and social environment. HRM AT NESTLE. HR Policy * Joining Nestlà © The long-term success of the Company depends on its capacity to attract, retain and develop employees able to ensure its growth on a continuing basis. This is a primary responsibility for all managers. The Nestlà © policy is to hire staff with personal attitudes and professional skills enabling them to develop a long-term relationship with the Company. Therefore, the potential for professional development is an essential standard for recruitment. Each new member joining Nestlà © is to become a participant in developing a sustainable quality culture, which implies a commitment to the organization and a sense for continuous improvement leaving no room for complacency. Therefore, and in view of the importance of these Nestlà © values, special attention will be paid to the matching between a candidates values and the Company culture. * Culture Nestle culture consist of values, norms, and understandings within its working environment Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s culture is Achievement culture because its statement shows that Nestle has a clear vision for its purpose and goals. As they have set some standards and goals to meet in future (100 Million company in 2014) * Management style Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s has a narrow span of control and high departmentalization formulation is very high so their management style is bureaucratic but participation is also appreciated .as they have also C.I department that recognize the idea and thoughts by employees PROJECT REPORT. Q: 1 What is the criterion of selection in your organization? Ans: Following are the criterion of selection in our organization: * He should be well granted personality. * Good internships * Good curriculum projects * GPA does not matter if the person’s basic concepts are clear about his major subjects. * One should friendly and have mobility factor to adjust in culture of our organization that is specific. * Confidence level should be high. * One should sincere and loyal. Q: 2 Do you prefer written tests? Ans: No, we do not take any type of written tests. Q: 3 Do institutions influence? Ans: 3,4 years ago institutions influence the selection of the candidate but now the selection totally depends on person’s abilities , institution does not matter at all. Q: 4 Do you hire employees which are having good G.PA? Ans: GPA does not matter if the person’s basic concepts are clear about his major subjects. Q: 5 What is the portion of personality assessment and technical assessment in your interview and tests? Ans: Well, it depends on job. For management job the portion of personality assessment is 60 % and technical assessment  is 40 % while for engineers the portion of technical assessment is more than personality assessment. Q: 6 Do you prefer I.Q or E.Q? State the reason. Ans: They prefer E.Q over I.Q because an emotionally intelligent person is emotionally more stable and can adjust in nestle culture he can show high growth in a very short time period and we want such candidates. Q: 7 How one should introduce oneself? Ans: First, you should tell your strengths and then weakness. Also tell about your some unique ability that differs you from others e.g. basketball player, a good swimmer etc. Q: 8 Do you prefer panel interview or individual interview? State the reason. Ans: Mostly panel interview is preferable but sometimes-individual interview is also taken when others are busy. Q: 9 Do physical appearance matter during interview? Ans: Physical appearances do not matter at all. They consider the person is all abilities. Q: 10 Do you prefer experienced graduates to non-experienced graduates? Ans: It depends on the particular job. At primary level, they do not need experienced ones but at higher level, they want experienced ones. Q: 11 While hiring does you prefer boys over girls? Ans: When in an interview both boy and girl are at same level they prefer girl over boy, to maintain gender balance because in nestle the percentage of girls are only 4%. Q: 12 What are the things that attracted employees to work for this organization? Ans: Following are the incentives to attract candidates: * Growth * International organization * If a candidate is consistently working well they send him to other countries. * Diversity * Flexibility for family * Female friendly * Environment is good * Nestle is a big name Q: 13 Are majority of Pakistani candidates worthy or not with the perspective of personality of communication skills? State the reason. Ans: Yes, communication skills hold a very important position specially in the field of marketing. Their total weightage is 60 %. Q: 15 While hiring you prefer references or merit for the selection of the candidates? Ans: They prefer merit for selection but if the candidate with reference is more capable then we will hire the latter one. Q: 16 while hiring do you discriminate between a religious or a modern personality? Ans: No, nestle do not discriminate between a religious and a modern personality. They still have women working with veil and men with beard. Q: 17 do you prefer an English-speaking candidate or Urdu speaking candidate? Ans: We don’t give preference to any specific language , what matters is the confidence and how well a person communicate with others. However if the person can speak multiple languages it gives a good impression. Q: 18 do family background, caste, color or creed matters? Ans: No , caste, color or creed does not matter at all but as far as family background is concern we ask, to know whether a person has mobility factor or not, whether he can go to our other branches in different cities or not. Q: 19 What advice you suggest us for our personality grooming? Ans: Following are the suggestions: * Should have knowledge about the current affairs. * Should take part in extracurricular activities that will show that he is hardworking that he participates in extracurricular activities while maintaining the good G.P.A. * Basic concepts should be clear. Q: 20 What do you see while firing a staff member? Ans: Firing a person is more difficult task. Nestle fired an employee due to miss management in matter of corruption or when he does anything illegal. Q: 21 Any interesting interview you want to share with us? Ans: She shared an interesting interview with us that a girl who had applied for the job came to us. She had a clear and focused aim of what she wants to be in future. Q: 22 What are the basic points which you observe during interview? Ans: Following are the basic points: * C.V should be impressive and influencing one. One should not use the C.V of others, such that it should not get lost in the crowd. * Introduce yourself: first strengths and then weakness. * Do homework about organization. * Confidence level. * Basic concepts should be clear. * 5 years plan. * Should have knowledge about the current affairs. Q: 23 Any tip for giving a good interview? Ans: Following are the tips: * High confidence level but not over confident. * One should be comfortable to oneself and should know oneself very well. * One should know his subject and should have a firm grasp on the subject. * Basic concepts should be clear. * One should be friendly, humility and behave well to others. * Should take part in extracurricular activities that will show that he is hardworking that he participates in extracurricular activities while maintaining the good G.P.A. * Dressing should be formal. Conclusion: we have gone through all the different procedures and management activities  of nestle .we apply all our knowledge and studies in the research of management activities of nestle, this was a great practical experience for us that will help us in practical life as well and the project will help us in practical life as well and the project will help us to know the management of an organization.

Alzheimers Disease Essay -- Diseases Research Essays

Alzheimer's Disease The disease called Alzheimer’s is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States (Weiner, 1987). It is estimated that the elderly population will double between now and 2030. During this period, the number of elderly will grow by an average of 2.8% annually (U.S. Census Bureau, 2001). By 2050, the number of people with Alzheimer’s is estimated to range from 11.3 million to 16 million (Alzheimer’s Association, 2005). These startling numbers should prompt an examination into one of the leading causes of death among this group of people. Understanding what Alzheimer’s is and the known causes of the disease are a good starting point. For those who have aging family members, knowing the risk factors and warning signs of Alzheimer’s can be beneficial to both the patient and his family. Finally, once the patient has been diagnosed as having Alzheimer’s, a plan for treatment as well as providing the family and caregivers with a support syste m can help ease those involved through a very challenging, heartbreaking time. The Alzheimer’s Association (2005) defines the disease as â€Å"a progressive brain disorder that gradually destroys a person’s memory and ability to learn, reason, make judgments, communicate, and carry out daily activities†. Contrary to popular belief, Alzheimer’s is not the result of normal aging, although it normally occurs more frequently in people who are over the age of 65 (Gruetzner, 1988). Studies performed on the brains of deceased Alzheimer’s patients show several irregularities. The most obvious abnormality is in the signal-transmitting chemicals, where a 40-90% decrease in the enzyme CAT is found. This enzyme lies in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus regions of the brain. When CAT is decreased, it causes cholinergic or acetylcholine-releasing nerve terminals to diminish. These chemicals are important for communication between nerves. Also found during these autopsies were double strands of neurofibullary tangles, senile plaque (decaye d neural material), and granulovacular degeneration-all which are associated with mental impairment. Neurofibullary tangles normally do increase with age, but Alzheimer’s patients show a very high density of the tangles. The brain has also been found to contain abnormally high concentrations of aluminum (Weiner, 1987). While much is known about the end results of Alzheimer’... ...illick, 1998). While at the present time little is known about the causes of Alzheimer’s and there is no existence of a cure, current research combined with the latest in technology is hopeful for a breakthrough. Not only are new drugs being developed, but also the possibility of vaccines are on the horizon. Keeping up with the latest clinical trials, findings and treatment options can be a challenge, but doing so can arm patients and caregivers with a powerful tool. Only through education and progress in research can this deadly disease become extinct. Works Cited: Alzheimer’s Association. (2005). What is Alzheimer’s disease? Retrieved March 30, 2005, from http://www.alz.org/AboutAD/WhatIsAD.asp Gillick, Muriel R. (1998). Tangled minds: understanding Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. New York: Penguin Group. Gruetzner, Howard. (1988). Alzheimer’s: a caregiver’s guide and source book. New York: Stephen Kipper. U.S. Census Bureau. (2001). Sixty-five plus in the United States. Retrieved March 30, 2005, from http://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/statbriefs/agebrief.html Weiner, Michael A. (1987). Reducing the risk of Alzheimer’s. New York: Stein & Day.

A Comparison of God and Satan in Paradise Lost Essay -- comparison com

Comparison of God and Satan in Paradise Lost      Ã‚   In this essay I shall be focusing on the characters of G-d and Satan from 'Paradise Lost' by John Milton.   Within the essay I shall be attempting to elucidate on the themes of ambiguity of the two characters as well as the uncertainty of moral integrity of each, characterized by John's Milton's use of sentence structure, private thoughts and symbolism.    Foremost I would like to look at the way the way in which Milton characterizes the characters of Satan in particular.   Milton specifically presents different elements of Satan's character by his interaction with those around him. For example it may seem ultimately that Satan (even by his very name) is a creature of great evil.   However, Milton shows elements of self doubt and an almost pitiful nature, forming a contradiction of the stereotypical image of what Satan represents.:    'Which way I fly is hell: My self am hell'    The repetition of the word 'hell' exaggerates a sense of futility now that he has come to Earth for the first time.   The questioning tone implied by the use of the word 'which' further empathises this.   The reader no longer needs to label the morality of such a character; Satan defines himself with the use of the pronoun 'my' and the preceding definition and assessment that 'My self am hell'.   Furthermore through Satan's own assessment the distancing technique by the word 'my' appears to exaggerate the notion of the definition of himself, the natural pause due to the unusual syntax further accentuates this.  Ã‚   The use of Milton's alliteration in 'Racked with deep despair' when describing Satan's countenance only empathises this pitiful nature.    However this sense of self dou... ...ng that G-d deliberately leads Satan into greater evil.    From the outset it appears that G-d and Satan remain in opposition together, an important characterisation of Milton.   'Paradise Lost' states that Satan was acting;    'Against the throne and monarchy of G-d.'    Weston continues this theme by saying that:    'In a fundamental sense, then, the 'hell' of human struggle can be said to have produced the 'heaven' of peace and harmony.'    In other words without the intensity of one character, in 'Paradise Lost' we would be without the other.      Works Cited and Consulted: Bush, D. 'John Milton'  Ã‚   Weidenfeld & Nicolson,   Ã‚  London, 1964. Empson, W. 'Milton's G-d'  Ã‚   Penguin, London, 1973. Milton, J. 'Paradise Lost'  Ã‚   Penguin, London, 1955. Weston, P. 'Paradise Lost- A Critical Study, Penguin   Middlesex, 1984.

Organisational Culture Change in British Airways

It is also one of the world's longest established airlines†¦ British Airways disposes of a well-established International reputation, it is therefore pertinent to analyses the company's process to cultural changes. Similarly to other airlines companies. It has suffered from the contemporary economical recession and had to face the crisis. In order to respond to the latter, the company used organizational culture change. Furthermore, it is important to look at the concept of organizational culture in order to acquire a better understanding of the situation.According to Jacques (1952) â€Å"The culture of the factory is its customary and traditional way of hinging and doing things, which is shared to a greater or lesser degree by all Its members, and which new members must learn, and at least partially accept, In order to be accepted Into service In the firm. Culture In this sense covers a wide range of behavior†¦ † In other words, the concept of cultural organization possesses a strong historical background.Jacques (1952) compares it to an educational process, which indoctrinates all the members of a company. Standardizing these third parties' behavior and way of thinking. Terms of reference To analyses the type of culture existing within British Airways * To examine the reputation of culture within British Airways * To determine if there is or not a necessity for cultural change within British Airways * To assist British Airways in their transitions from one culture to another if a culture change is required.Literature survey I en alma AT tans research report Is to analyses Brattles Airways' process AT cultural perpetuation and to determine British Airways needs to change its culture. Several theories have been developed in order to explain the cultural procedure. The perpetuation of the culture According to Andrew Brown (1998, p. 55) there a 3 phases to the transition of the culture in an organization: Predilection: This phase takes place befo re the company hires the being. The party effectuates research about the company.Following the researches they choose (or not) to apply to become part of the organization. * Solicitation: During this stage, new recruits learn more about the culture of the organization, the beliefs, the norms, the values, * Solicitation is a vague procedure that leads to incorporation or a rejection of the recruit. * Incorporation/re]section: This phase is conclusive; the recruit is either inserted or excluded from the enterprise. Due to its 90 years of history, British airways dispose of a complex solicitation reoccurred that elaborates the adaptation of the new recruits.The occurrence of culture change Greet Hefted and Cert. Jan Hefted (2005, p. 312) stated that before concluding if there is or not an obligation for culture change, it is important to take into consideration the advantages and disadvantages of the present culture, to define if the present culture can be long-lasting; If the leaders want to establish a new culture and if it is possible to install a new culture in the organization. It is also essential to estimate reliably the costs that a new culture would generate as well as the benefits it will provide to the company, etc.These questions must inevitably be answered to intend to change the culture. According to Scheme (2003, p. 294) the mechanism of change depends on the stage of the organization's development. There are 2 central procedures of development: * General Evolution: general evolution implies a development of the entire company in general. * Specific Evolution: Specific evolution concerns the development of defined sectors of the company. Success in organizational culture transition Brown (1998, p. 46) explains that a culture transition is considered successful if it solves the dilemmas generated by the crisis the organization is facing. In the other case, if the new culture does not engender honorable results, it will lead to a rejection of the rec ent culture. Culture and leadership Scheme (2003, p. 291) stated that in organizations, leaders create culture. Scheme also mare Tanat ten culture proceeds Trot tenure sources: D Ana values AT the creator of the company II. The experience of the employees Ill. The new beliefs and values of the new employees and leaders On the word of Capon (2000, p. 24) the culture of an organization is the result of a blend of several external cultures brought by each employee, which makes every organizational culture unique. Scheme and Capon consider that the organizational culture is internal and external . According to Needle (1988, p. 77) the leader's role in the cultural transition is indispensable. The leader guides the firm and the employees through the crisis, the changing processes, etc. Hefted & Jan Hefted (2005, p. 311) developed Professor Bernhard white's theory.The professor stated that successful organizational culture transition is the result of a coalition between the Monochromatic (the leader) and the facilitator (the expert). Culture change at British Airways British airways previous culture transition (in 1987) was based on Linen's Unfreezing, change, and refreezing† theory as Brown (1998 p. 140) explains: Unfreezing: The unfreezing process is the stage during which the company realizes that there is a need for change. It is a stage of preparation. * Change: stage during which the changes occur.This stage is uncertain, the company is not aware of the consequences these changes can generate in the future. * Refreezing: Stage of stabilization, the organization focuses on maintaining stability. The changes become part of the culture. Methodology This report is based on several sources of information: Notably, British Airways official website: www. Brainwashes. Co. UK. The website is formal, and contains accurate information. Although, its content cannot be considered as objective due to the fact that it has been created by the company.Thus, intends that the information displayed are the ones British Airways chose to diffuse. The B. A annual report also disposes of information but there is still a possible subjectivity on the reports' data. Southampton Solvent Library database contains many articles and studies on BAA . Multiple newspapers such as The Guardian and The Daily Mail dispose of numerous articles on the topic. Culture Change: The information about culture change were found in the multiple books named in the Reference section.Results Linen's â€Å"Unfreezing- Change- Refreezing† Theory: Kurt Lenin considered that organizational change occurs through 3 phases: 1 1 en entrepreneur: Awareness appears,ten leaders take conscience AT ten excellent problem. There are two categories of unfreezing rites: The rites of questioning and destruction 0 which requires to present evidences that employees or system do not function appropriately. This rites sometimes demands the intervention of external consultant due to the fact that their opinion about the individuals or the company will be more objective.The rites of rationalization and legitimating 0 the individuals concerned by the changes must explain why they are essential to the company. Training and education programs are vital to the Unfreezing process. 2. The change: Is the stage where change appears. There are two types in this phase: The rites of degradation and conflict 0 during these rites, the staff unable or unwilling to recognize and approve the need for change will be replaced by more cooperative personnel. The rites of passage and enhancement 0 these rites are employed to confront the opposition to change.Several methods such as promotions, training programs and new Job titles are applied. The innovations become more understandable to the employees, during this period of transition. 3. The refreezing: Is the final stage of Linen's theory. The employees attempt to dissolve instability, they are now accustomed to the changes, there is no requir ement for external consultancies, The refreezing phase contains only one type of rites, The rites of integration and conflict reduction these rites create conformity in the organization, minimize the misunderstandings between the personnel and the departments.Also these rites stabilize the changing process. To illustrate Linen's theory, an analysis of British Airways previous cultural change is going to be examined. Linen's theory applied within British Airways, Brown (1998, p. 144) In the 1980, under the Thatcher's government, British Airways metamorphosed from a governmental possession too private ownership. According to various external opinions, this conversion required a cultural change. The cultural change materialized through Linen's â€Å"Unfreezing-change-Refreezing† theory.Unfreezing awhile the unfreezing process, three major stages were defined. First of all, the decrease of the number of response, 22 000 employees were dismissed. Second of all, new leaders were se lected, Loran Klan as cameraman Ana Colon Marshall as c o Humanly, ten training program â€Å"Putting people first† was specially created for the personnel in direct contact with the costumers to ameliorate the quality of their service. Change DOT assist this phase, many training programs as â€Å"Managing People First† and â€Å"Leading The Service business† were utilized in British Airways† special training centre.Personal feedbacks were available to each employee, in order to improve their performances. Defective systems were withdrawn. Refreezing 0 This stage consists in fixing the changes. The changes are part of the culture, new uniforms are utilized, airplanes are ameliorated. To conclude, this transition was successful but it has not been effortless. During the early stage, several employees were not convinced by the changes. Professor Bernhard White's theory This theory states that the leader and the expert have the capacity to make a transition s uccessful if they cooperate.Discussion The results show that British Airways have a constant need to modify the culture due to the fact that the organization is continually confronting a crisis or a major tutorial change. In effect, British Airways was first a government property, in 1987, the government decided to privative British Airways. The company was then obliged to change its culture in order to facilitate the ownership transition. External advisers were required, new leaders were designated; personnel programs to train employees were created, the workforce was decreased to minimize the expenses of the company.Economical crisis: The economic recession originated in the United States of America has also reached Europe and has weakened several European countries and companies. British Airways was certainly no exception. British Airways as well as many other British enterprises have been severely affected by the financial crisis. The company lost an important amount capital and had to dismiss several employees. Willie Walsh, British Airways' chief executive, stated: â€Å"The airline industry is enduring the toughest times in its history and we expect more pain before things improve.We are taking the right short-term action to survive the downturn. We will not let this crisis compromise our long-term goal-to create a world-leading global premium airline with a reputation for being the very best at meeting its customers' needs. † (British Airways 2008/2009 annual report and accounts)† The company is aware of the difficulty they are confronted to. British Airways exposes volition to overcome these difficulties. The company demonstrates an optimistic blew. Brattles Already NAS developed awareness towards the hardship the financial crisis has generated.By admitting their issues, British Airways has crossed the first step of the Linen's theory. From that moment the company will have to make an important decision that will have a significant influe nce on its future and on its employees. The enterprise will have to decide whether or not there is a need to alter its organizational culture. Environmental crisis: British airways as well as many other airlines companies had to face the environmental crisis due to the consciousness raising about the climate change.In effect, human beings are aware that they are maltreating the planet, they have expressed they volition to minimize gas emissions. Knowing that the airline industry is by far the most pollutant, numerous of clients and potential clients minimized their travels by plane. To face this type of crisis, British airways will have to invest funds in the research of new technologies in order to later replace fuel by environmental friendly combustible. In April 2010, British airways as well as every other airline company had to face a major environmental issue.

Gertrude and Ophelia (Hamlet) Essay

In Hamlet, the women act the small roles portraying their historical status at the time. Although Gertrude is the Queen of Denmark and Ophelia is the prince’s lovers, they have no standing in the society and their voices are never heard. Their actions and fates are greatly influenced by the men’s decisions. All their lives Ophelia and Gertrude are led by the men’s power; they together make a weak image of dependent women at Shakespeare’s time. Although Gertrude and Ophelia are not well developed through out the play, their actions, language and influence on the play portray them as the obedient passive type of women. Gertrude is Hamlet’s mother, a queen who betrayed her husband and got seduced by the prince’s uncle Claudius. She remarried with him and thereafter obeyed every order from Claudius. Gertrude is objectified by Claudius, as he said: â€Å"my crown, mine own ambition and my Queen.† To him the queen is one of his possessions and not even listed as the first. This suggested Gertrude is used by Claudius to get to the throne. The hasty marriage only a few weeks after her husband’s death shows her great dependence on men. Hamlet’s proclamation that he will â€Å"speak daggers to her, but use none† illustrate that he perceives her to be inferior, weak enough to fall foul to his words. Overall, Gertrude is the type of women that cannot survive without a man in her life, with suc h a weak soul she betrays her own husband and son. Ophelia is different from Gertrude. She is innocent, and naà ¯ve with no experience in life. She does love Hamlet with her pure heart, but she is also too submissive to her dad Polonius and brother Laertes. As they claim Hamlet is dangerous, that Hamlet’s â€Å"will is not his own† and that she should â€Å"fear† him, she does not try to oppose him, or justify Hamlet’s â€Å"affections† instead she tells Laertes that he â€Å"shall keep the key† of her memory. Polonius insults her and Hamlet’s love, responding to her declaration that Hamlet â€Å"has of late made tenders of his affection† he cries â€Å"Affection? Pooh!†¦Do you believe his tenders as you call them?† to which Ophelia replies â€Å"I do not know, my lord, what I should think†. She gives all the other male influences in her life. Later in the play, after Hamlet killed Polonius and runs away, Laertes is in France, she has no one to turn to. She depends too much on those people, now without any support she turns to  madness and finally commits suicide. All her life Ophelia is led by others and has never decided anything but her death. â€Å"Hamlet† was written in a time when women were not even allowed to play themselves on stage, women were seen as inferior and women were ‘owned’ by men. Ophelia and Gertrude have no real Autonomy, they are at the mercy of Hamlet, Claudius, Rodrigo, and Laertes moods to define their moods, and when the men are in conflict the women suffer, which is death in this case. They are a portrait of what women in Shakespeare’s time were like, dependent on men and never could control their own fate. Work Cited Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Rpt. in Compact Literature Reading Reacting Writing. By Kirszner and Mandell. 6th ed. 2007.

Forward the Foundation Chapter 23

5 â€Å"Dad,† said Raych with some concern, â€Å"you look tired.† â€Å"I dare say,† said Hari Seldon, â€Å"I feel tired. But how are you?† Raych was forty-four now and his hair was beginning to show a bit of gray, but his mustache remained thick and dark and very Dahlite in appearance. Seldon wondered if he touched it up with dye, but it would have been the wrong thing to ask. Seldon said, â€Å"Are you through with your lecturing for a while?† â€Å"For a while. Not for long. And I'm glad to be home and see the baby and Manella and Wanda-and you, Dad.† â€Å"Thank you. But I have news for you, Raych. No more lecturing. I'm going to need you here.† Raych frowned. â€Å"What for?† On two different occasions he had been sent to carry out delicate missions, but those were back during the days of the Joranumite menace. As far as he knew, things were quiet now, especially with the overthrow of the junta and the reestablishment of a pale Emperor. â€Å"It's Wanda,† said Seldon. â€Å"Wanda? What's wrong with Wanda?† â€Å"Nothing's wrong with her, but we're going to have to work out a complete genome for her-and for you and Manella as well-and eventually for the new baby.† â€Å"For Bellis, too? What's going on?† Seldon hesitated. â€Å"Raych, you know that your mother and I always thought there was something lovable about you, something that inspired affection and trust.† â€Å"I know you thought so. You said so often enough when you were trying to get me to do something difficult. But I'll be honest with you. I never felt it.† â€Å"No, you won over me and†¦ and Dors.† (He had such trouble saying the name, even though four years had passed since her destruction.) â€Å"You won over Rashelle of Wye. You won over Jo-Jo Joranum. You won over Manella. How do you account for all that?† â€Å"Intelligence and charm,† said Raych, grinning. â€Å"Have you thought you might have been in touch with their-our-minds?† â€Å"No, I've never thought that. And now that you mention it, I think it's ridiculous. With all due respect, Dad, of course.† â€Å"What if I told you that Wanda seems to have read Yugo's mind during a moment of crisis?† â€Å"Coincidence or imagination, I should say.† â€Å"Raych, I knew someone once who could handle people's minds as easily as you and I handle conversation.† â€Å"Who was that?† â€Å"I can't speak of him. Take my word for it, though.† â€Å"Well-† said Raych dubiously. â€Å"I've been at the Galactic Library, checking on such matters. There is a curious story, about twenty thousand years old and therefore back to the misty origins of hyperspatial travel. It's about a young woman, not much more than Wanda's age, who could communicate with an entire planet that circled a sun called Nemesis.† â€Å"Surely a fairytale.† â€Å"Surely. And incomplete, at that. But the similarity with Wanda is astonishing.† Raych said, â€Å"Dad, what are you planning?† â€Å"I'm not sure, Raych. I need to know the genome and I have to find others like Wanda. I have a notion that youngsters are born-not often but occasionally-with such mental abilities, but that, in general, it merely gets them in trouble and they learn to mask it. And as they grow tip, their ability, their talent, is buried deep within their minds- sort of an unconscious act of self-preservation. Surely in the Empire or even just among Trantor's forty billion, there must be more of that sort, like Wanda, and if I know the genome I want, I can test those I think may be so.† â€Å"And what would you do with them if you found them, Dad?† â€Å"I have the notion that they are what I need for the further development of psychohistory.† Raych said, â€Å"And Wanda is the first of the type you know about and you intend to make a psychohistorian out of her?† â€Å"Perhaps.† â€Å"Like Yugo. Dad, no!† â€Å"Why no?† â€Å"Because I want her to grow up like a normal girl and become a normal woman. I will not have you sitting her before the Prime Radiant and make her into a living monument to psychohistorical mathematics.† Seldon said, â€Å"It may not come to that, Raych, but we must have her genome. You know that for thousands of years there have been suggestions that every human being have his genome on file. It's only the expense that's kept it from becoming standard practice; no one doubts the usefulness of it. Surely you see the advantages. If nothing else, we will know Wanda's tendencies toward a variety of physiological disorders. If we had ever had Yugo's genome, I am certain he would not now be dying. Surely we can go that far.† â€Å"Well, maybe, Dad, but no further. I'm willing to bet that Manella is going to be a lot firmer on this than I am.† Seldon said, â€Å"Very well. But remember, no more lecture tours. I need you at home.† â€Å"We'll see,† Raych said and left. Seldon sat there in a quandary. Eto Demerzel, the one person he knew who could handle minds, would have known what to do. Dors, with her nonhuman knowledge, might have known what to do. For himself, he had a dim vision of a new psychohistory-but nothing more than that. 6 It was not an easy task to obtain a complete genome of Wanda. To begin with, the number of biophysicists equipped to handle the genome was small and those that existed were always busy. Nor was it possible for Seldon to discuss his needs openly, in order to interest the biophysicists. It was absolutely essential, Seldon felt, that the true reason for his interest in Wanda's mental powers be kept secret from all the Galaxy. And if another difficulty was needed, it was the fact that the process was infernally expensive. Seldon shook his head and said to Mian Endelecki, the biophysicist he was now consulting, â€Å"Why so expensive, Dr. Endelecki? I am not an expert in the field, but it is my distinct understanding that the process is completely computerized and that, once you have a scraping of skin cells, the genome can be completely built and analyzed in a matter of days.† â€Å"That's true. But having a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule stretching out for billions of nucleotides, with every purine and pyrimidine in its place, is the least of it; the very least of it, Professor Seldon. There is then the matter of studying each one and comparing it to some standard. â€Å"Now, consider, in the first place, that although we have records of complete genomes, they represent a vanishingly small fraction of the number of genomes that exist, so that we don't really know how standard they are.† Seldon asked, â€Å"Why so few?† â€Å"A number of reasons. The expense, for one thing. Few people are willing to spend the credits on it unless they have strong reason to think there is something wrong with their genome. And if they have no strong reason, they are reluctant to undergo analysis for fear they will find something wrong. Now, then, are you sure you want your granddaughter genomed?† â€Å"Yes, I do. It is terribly important.† â€Å"Why? Does she show signs of a metabolic anomaly?† â€Å"No, she doesn't. Rather the reverse-if I knew the antonym of ‘anomaly.' I consider her a most unusual person and I want to know just what it is that makes her unusual.† â€Å"Unusual in what way?† â€Å"Mentally, but it's impossible for me to go into details, since I don't entirely understand it. Maybe I will, once she is genomed.† â€Å"How old is she?† â€Å"Twelve. She'll soon be thirteen.† â€Å"In that case, I'll need permission from her parents.† Seldon cleared his throat. â€Å"That may be difficult to get. I'm her grandfather. Wouldn't my permission be enough?† â€Å"For me, certainly. But, you know, we're talking about the law. I don't wish to lose my license to practice.† It was necessary for Seldon to approach Raych again. This, too, was difficult, as he protested once more that he and his wife, Manella, wanted Wanda to live a normal life of a normal girl. What if her genome did turn out to be abnormal? Would she be whisked away to be prodded and probed like a laboratory specimen? Would Hari, in his fanatical devotion to his Psychohistory Project, press Wanda into a life of all work and no play, shutting her off from other young people her age? But Seldon was insistent. â€Å"Trust me, Raych. I would never do anything to harm Wanda. But this must be done. I need to know Wanda's genome. If it is as I suspect it is, we may be on the verge of altering the course of psychohistory, of the future of the Galaxy itself!† And so Raych was persuaded and somehow he obtained Manella's consent, as well. And together, the three adults took Wanda to Dr. Endelecki's office. Mian Endelecki greeted them at the door. Her hair was a shining white, but her face showed no sign of age. She looked at the girl, who walked in with a look of curiosity on her face but with no signs of apprehension or fear. She then turned her gaze to the three adults who had accompanied Wanda. Dr. Endelecki said with a smile, â€Å"Mother, father, and grandfather-am I right?† Seldon answered, â€Å"Absolutely right.† Raych looked hang-dog and Manella, her face a little swollen and her eyes a little red, looked tired. â€Å"Wanda,† began the doctor. â€Å"That is your name, isn't it?† â€Å"Yes, ma'am,† said Wanda in her clear voice. â€Å"I'm going to tell you exactly what I'm going to do with you. You're right-handed, I suppose.† â€Å"Yes, ma'am.† â€Å"Very well, then, I'll spray a little patch on your left forearm with an anesthetic. It will just feel like a cool wind. Nothing else. I'll then scrape a little skin from you just a tiny bit. There'll be no pain, no blood, no mark afterward. When I'm done, I'll spray a little disinfectant on it. The whole thing will take just a few minutes. Does that sound all right to you?† â€Å"Sure,† said Wanda, as she held out her arm. When it was over, Dr. Endelecki said, â€Å"I'll put the scraping under the microscope, choose a decent cell, and put my computerized gene analyzer to work. It will mark off every last nucleotide, but there are billions of them. It will probably take the better part of a day. It's all automatic, of course, so I won't be sitting here watching it and there's no point in your doing so, either. â€Å"Once the genome is prepared, it will take an even longer time to analyze it. If you want a complete job, it may take a couple of weeks. That is why it's so expensive a procedure. The work is hard and long. I'll call you in when I have it.† She turned away, as if she had dismissed the family, and busied herself with the gleaming apparatus on the table in front of her. Seldon said, â€Å"If you come across anything unusual, will you get in touch with me instantly? I mean, don't wait for a complete analysis if you find something in the first hour. Don't make me wait.† â€Å"The chances of finding anything in the first hour are very slim, but I promise you, Professor Seldon that I will be in touch with you at once if it seems necessary.† Manella snatched Wanda's arm and led her off triumphantly. Raych followed, feet dragging. Seldon lingered and said, â€Å"This is more important than you know, Dr. Endelecki.† Dr. Endelecki nodded as she said, â€Å"Whatever the reason, Professor, I'll do my best.† Seldon left, his lips pressed tightly together. Why he had thought that somehow the genome would be worked out in five minutes and that a glance at it in another five minutes would give him an answer, he did not know. Now he would have to wait for weeks, without knowing what would be found. He ground his teeth. Would his newest brainchild, the Second Foundation, ever be established or was it an illusion that would remain always just out of reach? 7 Hari Seldon walked into Dr. Endelecki's office, a nervous smile on his face. He said, â€Å"You said a couple of weeks, Doctor. It's been over a month mow.† Dr. Endelecki nodded. â€Å"I'm sorry, Professor Seldon but you wanted everything exact and that is what I have tried to do.† â€Å"Well?† The look of anxiety on Seldon's face did not disappear. What did you find?† â€Å"A hundred or so defective genes.† â€Å"What! Defective genes. Are you serious, Doctor?† â€Å"Quite serious. Why not? There are no genomes without at least a hundred defective genes; usually there are considerably more. It's not as bad as it sounds, you know.† â€Å"No, I don't know. You're the expert, Doctor, not I.† Dr. Endelecki sighed and stirred in her chair. â€Å"You don't know anything about genetics, do you, Professor?† â€Å"No, I don't. A man can't know everything.† â€Å"You're perfectly right. I know nothing about this-what do you call it?-this psychohistory of yours.† Dr. Endelecki shrugged, then continued. â€Å"If you wanted to explain anything about it, you would be forced to start from the beginning and I would probably not understand it even so. â€Å"Now, as to genetics-â€Å" â€Å"Well?† â€Å"An imperfect gene usually means nothing. There are imperfect genes-so imperfect and so crucial that they produce terrible disorders. These are very rare, though. Most imperfect genes simply don't work with absolute accuracy. They're like wheels that are slightly out of balance. A vehicle will move along, trembling a bit, but it will move along.† â€Å"Is that what Wanda has?† â€Å"Yes. More or less. After all, if all genes were perfect, we would all look precisely the same, we would all behave precisely the same. It's the difference in genes that makes for different people.† â€Å"But won't it get worse as we grow older?† â€Å"Yes. We all get worse as we grow older. I noticed you limping when you came in. Why is that?† â€Å"A touch of sciatica,† muttered Seldon. â€Å"Did you have it all your life?† â€Å"Of course not.† â€Å"Well, some of your genes have gotten worse with time and now you limp.† â€Å"And what will happen to Wanda with time?† â€Å"I don't know. I can't predict the future, Professor; I believe that is your province. However, if I were to hazard a guess, I would say that nothing unusual will happen to Wanda-at least, genetically-except the gathering of old age.† Seldon said, â€Å"Are you sure?† â€Å"You have to take my word for it. You wanted to find out about Wanda's genome and you ran the risk of discovering things perhaps it is better not to know. But I tell you that, in my opinion, I can see nothing terrible happening to her.† â€Å"The imperfect genes-should we fix them? Can we fix them?† â€Å"No. In the first place, it would be very expensive. Secondly, the chances are that they would not stay fixed. And finally, people are against it. â€Å"But why?† â€Å"Because they're against science in general. You should know this as well as anyone, Professor. I'm afraid the situation is such, especially since Cleon's death, that mysticism has been gaining ground. People don't believe in fixing genes scientifically. They would rather cure things by the laying on of hands or by mumbo-jumbo of some sort or other. Frankly it is extremely difficult for me to continue with my job. Very little funding is coming in.† Seldon nodded. â€Å"Actually I understand this situation all too well. Psychohistory explains it, but I honestly didn't think the situation was growing so bad so rapidly. I've been too involved in my own work to see the difficulties all around me.† He sighed. â€Å"I've been watching the Galactic Empire slowly fall apart for over thirty years now-and now that it's beginning to collapse much more rapidly, I don't see how we can stop it in time.† â€Å"Are you trying to?† Dr. Endelecki seemed amused. â€Å"Yes, I am.† â€Å"Lots of luck. About your sciatica. You know, fifty years ago it could have been cured. Not now, though.† â€Å"Why not?† â€Å"Well, the devices used for it are gone; the people who could have handled them are working on other things. Medicine is declining.† â€Å"Along with everything else,† mused Seldon. â€Å"But let's get back to Wanda. I feel she is a most unusual young woman with a brain that is different from most. What do her genes tell you about her brain?† Dr. Endelecki leaned back in her chair. â€Å"Professor Seldon do you know just how many genes are involved in brain function?† â€Å"No. â€Å"I'll remind you that, of all the aspects of the human body, the brain function is the most intricate. In fact, as far as we know, there is nothing in the Universe as intricate as the human brain. So you won't be surprised when I tell you that there are thousands of genes that each play a role in brain function.† â€Å"Thousands?† â€Å"Exactly. And it is impossible to go through those genes and see anything specifically unusual. I will take your word for it, as far as Wanda is concerned. She is an unusual girl with an unusual brain, but I see nothing in her genes that can tell me anything about that brain-except, of course, that it is normal.† â€Å"Could you find other people whose genes for mental functioning are like Wanda's, that have the same brain pattern?† â€Å"I doubt it very much. Even if another brain were much like hers, there would still be enormous differences in the genes. No use looking for similarities. Tell me, Professor, just what is it about Wanda that makes you think her brain is so unusual?† Seldon shook his head. â€Å"I'm sorry. It's not something I can discuss.† â€Å"In that case, I am certain that I can find out nothing for you. How did you discover that there was something unusual about her brain-this thing you can't discuss?† â€Å"Accident,† muttered Seldon. â€Å"Sheer accident.† â€Å"In that case, you're going to have to find other brains like hers-also by accident. Nothing else can be done.† Silence settled over both of them. Finally Seldon said, â€Å"Is there anything else you can tell me?† â€Å"I'm afraid not. Except that I'll send you my bill.† Seldon rose with an effort. His sciatica hurt him badly. â€Å"Well then, thank you, Doctor. Send the bill and I'll pay it.† Hari Seldon left the doctor's office, wondering just what he would do next.