Geography and Overview of the Caribbean Nation of Haiti

The Republic of Haiti is the second-oldest republic in the Western Hemisphere just after the United States. It is a small country located in the Caribbean Sea between Cuba and the Dominican Republic. Haiti has experienced years of political and economic instability, however, and it is one of the poorest nations in the world. Most recently, Haiti was struck by a catastrophic, magnitude 7.0 earthquake that damaged its infrastructure and killed thousands of its people. Fast Facts: Haiti Official Name: Republic of HaitiCapital: Port-au-PrincePopulation: 10,788,440 (2018)Official Languages: French, CreoleCurrency: Gourdes (HTG)Form of Government: Semi-presidential republic  Climate: Tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds  Total Area: 10,714 square miles (27,750 square kilometers)Highest Point: Chaine de la Selle at 8,793 feet (2,680 meters)Lowest Point: Caribbean Sea at 0 feet (0 meters) History of Haiti The first European habitation of Haiti was with the Spanish when they used the island of Hispaniola (of which Haiti is a part) during their exploration of the Western Hemisphere. French explorers were also present at this time and conflicts between the Spanish and French developed. In 1697, Spain gave France the western third of Hispaniola. Eventually, the French established the settlement of Saint Domingue, which became one of the wealthiest colonies in the French Empire by the 18th century. During the French Empire, slavery was common in Haiti as African slaves were brought to the colony to work on sugarcane and coffee plantations. In 1791 though, the population of slaves revolted and took over control of the northern part of the colony, which resulted in a war against the French. By 1804, however, local forces beat the French, established their independence, and named the area Haiti. After its independence, Haiti broke into two separate political regimes that eventually unified in 1820. In 1822, Haiti took over Santo Domingo, the eastern portion of Hispaniola. In 1844, however, Santo Domingo separated from Haiti and became the Dominican Republic. During this time and up until 1915, Haiti underwent 22 changes in its government and experienced political and economic chaos. In 1915, the United States military entered Haiti and remained until 1934, when Haiti again reclaimed its independent rule. Shortly after regaining its independence, Haiti was ruled by a dictatorship but from 1986 to 1991, it was ruled by various temporary governments. In 1987, its constitution was ratified to include an elected president as head of state but also a prime minister, cabinet, and supreme court. Local government was also included in the constitution via the election of local mayors. Jean-Bertrand Aristide was the first president to be elected in Haiti and he took office on February 7, 1991. He was overthrown that September, however, in a government take-over that caused many Haitians to flee the country. From October 1991 to September 1994, Haiti had a government dominated by a military regime and many Haitian citizens were killed during this time. In 1994 in an attempt to restore peace to Haiti, the United Nations Security Council authorized its member states to work toward removing the military leadership and restoring Haitis constitutional rights. The U.S. then became the major power in removing Haitis military government and formed a multinational force (MNF). In September 1994, U.S. troops were prepared to enter Haiti but Haitian General Raoul Cedras agreed to allow the MNF to take over, end military rule, and restore Haitis constitutional government. In October of the same year, President Aristide and other elected officials in exile returned. Since the 1990s, Haiti has undergone various political changes and has been relatively unstable both politically and economically. Violence has also ensued in most of the country. In addition to its political and economic problems, Haiti has most recently been impacted by natural disasters when a magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck near Port au Prince  on January 12, 2010. The death toll in the earthquake was in the thousands, and much of the countrys infrastructure was damaged as its parliament, schools, and hospitals collapsed. Government of Haiti Today, Haiti is a republic with two legislative bodies. The first is the Senate, which comprises the National Assembly, while the second is the Chamber of Deputies. Haitis executive branch is made up of chief of state, whose position is filled by the president, and a head of government, which is filled by the prime minister. The judicial branch is made up of Haitis Supreme Court. Economy of Haiti Of the countries in the Western Hemisphere, Haiti is the poorest as 80% of its population lives below the poverty level. Most of its people contribute to the agricultural sector and work in subsistence farming. Many of these farms, however, are vulnerable to damage from natural disasters, which has been made worse by the countrys widespread deforestation. Larger scale agricultural products include coffee, mangoes, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum, and wood. Although the industry is small, sugar refining, textiles, and some assembly are common in Haiti. Geography and Climate of Haiti Haiti is a small country located on the western part of the island of Hispaniola and is west of the Dominican Republic. It is slightly smaller than the U.S. state of Maryland and is two-thirds mountainous. The rest of the country features valleys, plateaus, and plains. Haitis climate is mainly tropical but it is also semiarid in the east, where its mountain areas block the trade winds. It should also be noted that Haiti is in the middle of the hurricane region of the Caribbean and is subject to severe storms from June to October. Haiti is also prone to flooding, earthquakes, and droughts. More Facts About Haiti †¢ Haiti is the least developed country in the Americas.†¢ Haitis official language is French but French Creole is also spoken. Source Central Intelligence Agency. (2010, March 18). CIA. The Worldfactbook — Haiti.Infoplease. . Infoplease.comHaiti: History, Geography Government, and Culture.United States Department of State. Haiti.

The Effects Of Social Media On The Lives Of Many People

Introduction Social media has changed the lives of many people. Social media has especially been integral in the lives of many, as it is now possible for relatives and friends from all around the world to connect with each other through sites such as Facebook and twitter, allowing them to feel closer. â€Å"Another national study described the internet as â€Å"a catalyst for creating and maintaining friendships and family relationships†. The internet and social media allows for people to connect with people they may not connect with otherwise or even connect with people from their past that they otherwise would not have connected with. Social media also allows romantic couples to connect even when they are not with each other. Unfortunately, along with the positives of social media come negatives as well. The article Relational Quality and Media Use in Interpersonal Relationships states, The important interpersonal skills needed to have a good relationship with a person may be changing d ue to the use of technology (Baym 2007). While social media requires some interpersonal skills, it does not require as much as when people communicate face to face. While social media can positively affect different kinds of relationships, it can also impede them, especially romantic relationships. Romantic relationships require great interpersonal skills. Couples may be more likely to represent the realities of their relationship in hopes of seeking approval from social media audience. The way theShow MoreRelatedSocial Media Has A Positive Effect On People s Life943 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Media is website and application which allow operators to connect and share information with different people around the world. For instance, Facebook, Twitter, and Google are some of the social media networks that became popular in most countries over the decades. The use of the social media seems not to be the source of happiness among people’s lives. Individuals are mostly like to avoid to use social media because they believe that it had negative effects such as cyberbullying and misinformationRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1350 Words   |  6 Pagestoday’s society, social media is an important tool that many people use daily for various purposes. On social media, people share their opinions, events in their lives, and news. They also use social media as a tool for entertainment and as a way of keeping in touch with their friends. Because of its various uses, the use of social media increased very significantly over the years and it is no surprise that many scholars from different disciplines took an interest in the use of social media. These scholarsRead MoreSocial Media And The Media917 Words   |  4 Pagesthe research conducted on social media. This paper also focuses on relationships, the positive and negative aspects of social media and the varies ways social media effects modern day. This paper also surveys people between the ages of fifteen and sixty- three. It discovers their daily usage that is spent these social sites and discusses the level of privacy and information that is shared on social sites. Modern Social Media Influences and Effects Social media has rapidly grown throughoutRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Academic Success1318 Words   |  6 Pagesare now being taught. Social media has become a daily part of life and kids are averaging almost nine hours a day consuming some type of media (Wallace, 2015). Doctors suggest that kids average eight hours of sleep per night; leaving a mere seven hours to go to school, complete homework assignments, partake in extracurricular activities, and time to wind down after the day has come to an end (Wallace, 2015). Some researchers would say that the media has taken over our lives and schools should notRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1517 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Social Media? As stated on Dictionary.com, social media is â€Å"websites and other online means of communication that are used by large groups of people to share information and to develop social and professional contacts†. There are a huge variety of social media sites such as, Facebook, Twitter, Myspace, Instagram, and YouTube. As our technology gets more and more advanced and new devices come out, social media itself is growing as well. 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A friend from childhood could be found from across the world in just minutes at little cost if they have a Facebook account. That was impossible even 20 years ago. However, this is not always the case, as more and more people seem to feel disconnected from the people around them due to social media. Despite being a simple way to make and keep friends, it can be a drain

Reorienting Research on Categories Stretching

Question: Discuss about the Reorienting Research on Categories Stretching. Answer: Introduction: The Milgrams experiment, conducted by Stanley Milgram, measured the extent to which participants from different backgrounds have the will to obey the commands of the authority figure who gave the instructions for carrying out acts that have a conflict with personal conscience. The research indicated that around 65% of common people would inflict pain on others if such is the direction and command of the authority figure. The conclusion drawn from the experiment was that individuals have a natural tendency to obey to commands and instructions (Milgram's Obedience to Authority Experiment 2016). Opponents have raised many questions regarding the research ethics involved, and the reliability of the conclusions drawn from the experiment is doubtful. The process by which the experiment was done was not appropriate and generalised for the common population. The experiment is not justified against the present day ethical boundary (Abbott 2016). Research indicated that the participants of the Milgrams experiment had been doubly misled. The first factors were the idea that Milgram had proven something and the second being the experimental conditions that the laboratory had in which the experiments were conducted (Abc.net.au 2016). I would not be capable of inflicting the real pain of any form, wither mental, physical or emotional, on another individual. This thought process remains same even if I am given commands by any authority figure. I do not have the willingness to inflict pain on others to an extreme extent as it is morally wrong. Solomon Asch and Group Conformity The aim of the Group Conformity experiment conducted by Solomon Asch was to explore the influence of social pressure on a persons decision to conform to an idea. The results showed that on an average, around 32% of the participants conformed to the majority though they were clearly incorrect. 75% of the participants were found to be conforming at least once, and 25% never conformed. The reasons for such actions of individuals were thought to be that people have the desire to fit in with the majority of the population and that people believe that a group is always more informed. Such influences are known to be the normative influence and informational influence respectively (Myers 2013). The strength of the normative influence is the experiment also established through a modified version of the experimental design. Participants had a fear of being ridiculed and thought of being considered peculiar by the other participants also acted as a contributing factor towards conformation (Asch Conformity Experiment 2016). My own personal decision-making does not always reflect an objective process. The desire to be accepted as a part of a group makes one susceptible to conform to a groups norms. This tendency is found among the majority section of the general population. However, I do not exhibit this tendency, and my decision making process is not influenced by the decisions taken up by the group in my vicinity. The situational factors that make a group to exert pressure for changing the behaviour and attitude of a member are multi-faced. The most common factor is an authority figure that compels the group to resort to such actions (Vohs et al. 2014). Yves Morieux explains why the organisation is considered as the main component of competitive advantage. According to him, the strategy of the organisation is to focus on the behaviour of the people. The best strategy that an organisation can have for competitive advantage is to leverage the intelligence of the people in the organisation. The main challenge that an organisation faces is how to translate the strategies into processes and structures of the organisation. The structure may be thought to be the next important aspect in line after strategy. Most of the companies lag behind in having a robust plan for building up the structure unless there is a transparent idea of the generic strategy that is to be followed by the organisation (Organization Design: BCG's Yves Morieux on organization and competitive advantage 2016). Though Yves Morieux claims that structure follows strategy, this is not always the case. The reason for this is that there are certain organisations that lack a strategy prior to taking decisions regarding the structure. Often, these organisations have the focused aim of distributing power within the organisation and arranging them in different levels. This is a good approach that is made by putting more emphasis on structure rather than strategy (Wilden et al. 2013). However, this idea may backfire at certain instances as there may be a need to bring about changes in the structure after significant changes have been brought about in the strategy (Durand and Paolella 2013). Zappos CEO has announced the company to witness a transition towards holaracy by the year 2014. Whether the unconventional management strategy would work became the topic of debate. Holacracy refers to the management of an organisation by the committee having thee focus on experimentation. The authority of the CEO is relinquished, and reorganisation is done to assign all members of the organisation with own goals and roles. Holacracy is a broader trend where decisions are taken without any managers (Ferenstein 2016). My idea of holacracy is that the sole driving factor behind it is the power that freedom and ideas have. On the contrary, bureaucracy and hierarchy are found to be driven extensively by the power that rules and individuals possess. Employees may under certain circumstances consider doing peripheral jobs not included in their respective job description for either gaining a foothold in the company or pleasing thee superiors. However, holacracy permits individuals to have a distinct definition of what they need to do and the related accountabilities and roles. This imparts a fostered sense of responsibility for each employee (Robertson 2015). The contingency factors of organisational design that are working for Zappos are strategy, environment, and technology. The company follows the rule that structure follows strategy. The company has a predictable environment, making the transformation easier. Advanced technology is being used for converting the resources adequately to the outputs. I nnovative culture is related to an agile organisational structure by a distinct way. Culture is the key point of discussion regarding innovation as culture manifests priorities, processes, and resources. Organizations need to understand that new advancements must fit in the existing culture context for embracing innovation (Bernstein et al. 2016). References Abbott, A., 2016. Modern Milgram experiment sheds light on power of authority.Nature,530(7591), pp.394-395. Abc.net.au. 2016.7.30 - ABC. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2012/s3489852.htm [Accessed 31 Dec. 2016]. Bernstein, E., Bunch, J., Canner, N., and Lee, M. 2016. Beyond the Holacracy Hype.Harvard Business Review. Durand, R. and Paolella, L., 2013. Category stretching: Reorienting research on categories in strategy, entrepreneurship, and organization theory.Journal of Management Studies,50(6), pp.1100-1123. Ferenstein, G. 2016.Zappos just abolished bosses. Here's why.. [online] Vox. Available at: https://www.vox.com/2014/7/11/5876235/silicon-valleys-latest-management-craze-holacracy-explained [Accessed 31 Dec. 2016]. Myers, C.S., 2013.A text-book of Experimental Psychology. Cambridge University Press. Robertson, B.J., 2015.Holacracy: The new management system for a rapidly changing world. Macmillan. Vohs, K.D., Baumeister, R.F., Schmeichel, B.J., Twenge, J.M., Nelson, N.M. and Tice, D.M., 2014. Making choices impairs subsequent self-control: a limited-resource account of decision making, self-regulation, and active initiative. Wilden, R., Gudergan, S.P., Nielsen, B.B. and Lings, I., 2013. Dynamic capabilities and performance: strategy, structure and environment.Long Range Planning,46(1), pp.72-96. YouTube. 2016.Asch Conformity Experiment. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyDDyT1lDhA; [Accessed 31 Dec. 2016]. YouTube. 2016.Milgram's Obedience to Authority Experiment 2009 1/3. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BcvSNg0HZwk [Accessed 31 Dec. 2016]. YouTube. 2016.Organization Design: BCG's Yves Morieux on organization and competitive advantage. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jm7d1dzOKmw [Accessed 31 Dec. 2016].

Katy Perry free essay sample

Kathy Perry, is an American recording artist, songwriter, and actress. Perry was born and raised in Santa Barbara, California Success Perrys commercial breakthrough came once she released her first mainstream studio album One of the Boys (2008). This was preceded by the release of her first single l Kissed a Girl. Several successful singles followed, Including Hot n Cold, Thinking of You and Waking up In Vegas.Perry embarked on the Hello Kathy Tour in support of the album. She followed this up with her second studio effort Teenage Dream which was an instant commercial success, topping the album charts in several countries. It spawned five number-one hits on the Billboard Hot 100 -?California Gurus, Teenage Dream, Firework, E. T. and Last Friday Night ; It became the first album in history recorded by a female artist to achieve (T. G. I. F. ), this, and the second album after Michael Jacksons (1987). We will write a custom essay sample on Katy Perry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In support of the album, she embarked on the California Dreams Dream was followed by a re-release titled The Complete Confection that spawned an additional number one, Part of Me. {lady gaga : Start small. Carefully cultivated, a niche customer base can grow into something big. Both Gaga and Madonna started out performing in gay clubs, garnering the early support from the gay and dance music community. Then they used that foundation as a springboard to mainstream acceptance by reaching out to an Influential teenage market.